victoire French · revision 15845

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la vincō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vik.twaʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''victoire''' ''f'' (plural victoires)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Victorie'' (1080), ''victoire'' (about 1155); 16th-century pronunciation ''vitoire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|victōria|t=victory; the goddess Victory; her statue]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|14, 417b) first as “victorie” and then Frenchified as “victoire”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word is the feminine of an adjective formed from [[m|la|victor|t=conqueror]], from [[m|la|victum]], the supine of [[m|la|vincō|t=to conquer]], the source of [[vaincre]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|victoria]], [[es|victoria]] and [[it|vittoria]], all learned words.^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''Avrum nos la victorie del champ?'' “shall we have the victory of the field?”;^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) Wace (1160–1174) has the form ''victoire''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1220 it was used of any advantage won over a rival or in a struggle, and in 1551 Ronsard writes of the spirit's victory over the flesh, a moral victory.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The goddess and the winged figure that represents her appear in Ronsard (1555) and du Bellay (1558), as in the ''Victoire de Samothrace''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Victoire !'' as a cry is in d'Urfé (1624), and ''chanter victoire'' in Madame de Sévigné (1680).^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Victoire à la Pyrrhus'' (1912, ''victoire de Pyrrhus'', 1834) recalls the costly victories of Pyrrhus of Epirus over the Romans in 280–279 BC.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Voler au secours de la victoire'' “to rally to the winning side too late” is in Proust (1922), after Clemenceau's ''venir au secours de la victoire'' (1899).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Victorie'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–1174 – ''Victoire'' in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1265 – ''Victorieux''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1551 – A moral victory, in Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – The goddess Victory, in Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – ''Chanter victoire''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1912 – ''Victoire à la Pyrrhus''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1922 – ''Voler au secours de la victoire'' in Proust.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|victory|alt=Victory]] in a battle or war: ''remporter une victoire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Success in any contest or struggle; a win: ''la victoire d'un joueur d'échecs''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Chanter, crier victoire'': to crow, claim victory.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Victoire à la Pyrrhus'': a [[m|en|Pyrrhic victory]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''La Victoire'': the winged goddess of victory; a statue of her.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[victorieux]]

+ * [[victorieusement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vaincre]]

+ * [[vainqueur]]

+ * [[la|victōria]]

+ * [[en|victory]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}