nomenclature French · revision 15822

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1559, Martin du Bellay|origins=la nōmen, la calō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /nɔ.mɑ̃.kla.tyʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nomenclature''' ''f'' (plural nomenclatures)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|nōmenclātūra|t=a calling by name; list of names]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 179a) from [[m|la|nōmenclātor]], the slave who told his master the names of the people he met, formed from [[m|la|nōmen|t=name]] and [[m|la|calō|t=to call, proclaim]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Martin du Bellay's ''Dioscoride'' (1559) uses it for a list of the terms naming the objects of a study or collection;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the Grand Robert reads it as a list of goods liable to duty.^(Grand Robert 2005) Bloch and Wartburg note an isolated earlier use in 1541.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Furetière (1690) defines it as a list of the commonest words of a language, made for learners.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Before 1718 Fénelon used it for the whole set of terms of a science or art, and Duhamel du Monceau (1758) for the method of classifying and naming them;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the GLLF cites the nomenclature of Linnaeus.^(GLLF 1989) In lexicography the Académie (1798) used it for the list of headwords of a dictionary.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The [[ru|номенклатура|tr=nomenklatura]], the list of officials with special privileges in the Soviet system, came into French as ''nomenklatura'' about 1980, sometimes Frenchified as ''nomenclature''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1541 – An isolated first use.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1559 – In Martin du Bellay's ''Dioscoride''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – A word list for learners, in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1718 – The terms of a science, in Fénelon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1758 – A method of naming, in Duhamel du Monceau.^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – A dictionary's headwords, in the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1980 – ''Nomenklatura''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|nomenclature]]: the systematically classified terms of a science or art; the method of naming them: ''nomenclature binaire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # A detailed, ordered list, [[m|en|inventory]]: ''la nomenclature des douanes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(lexicography)'' The list of headwords of a dictionary.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nomenclateur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nom]]

+ * [[intercalaire]]

+ * [[en|nomenclature]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}