chape French · revision 15821

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=la-lat cappa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃap/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chape''' ''f'' (plural chapes)^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|cape]] (11th century), [[m|fro|chape]] (about 1131); also spelt ''chappe'' in some technical senses.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chape]], [[inh|la-lat|cappa|t=hood; hooded cloak]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|2, 269a) recorded in Gregory of Tours (6th century) and in Isidore (7th century),^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) which came to mean a monk's habit and then the ceremonial vestment of priests and monks.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Petit Robert suggests a link with [[m|la|caput|t=head]],^(Petit Robert 2007) and Littré cites Isidore's explanation from [[m|la|capiō|t=to take, contain]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cappa]] and [[es|capa]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) The same Late Latin word gave [[cape]], through Occitan, a doublet of “chape”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (11th century) has ''cape'' for a cleric's choir cope;^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) about 1100 the ''Chanson de Roland'' speaks of ''la cape del ciel'', the vault of heaven.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 17th century ''chape'' was not clearly distinguished from ''cape'' and named various full sleeveless cloaks (about 1131).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It kept the religious sense of an ecclesiastical cope (later 13th century), and in ''chape de plomb'', a lead cloak used in torture and now a figure of an oppressive weight.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Se battre de la chape à l'évêque'' “to quarrel over something that belongs to neither party” is recorded in 1585.^(BHVF)

+

+ Technical senses followed: a coating in masonry (1403), a domed dish cover (1690), a heraldic division of the shield (1690), and in recent times the casing of a pulley, a concrete screed and the tread of a tyre, whence ''rechaper'' “to retread”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Its diminutive [[chaperon]] dates from about 1131.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 11th century – ''Cape'' in ''Saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''La cape del ciel'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1131 – ''Chape'' “full cloak”, ''chaperon''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1403 – A masonry coating.^(TLFi)

+ * 1585 – ''Se débattre de la chappe à l'évesque''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1690 – A heraldic term, in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cope]]: a long sleeveless ceremonial cloak worn by clergy.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Chape de plomb'': an oppressive weight.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A covering or casing: the tread of a [[m|en|tyre]], the casing of a pulley.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(building)'' A [[m|en|screed]], a waterproof or levelling layer of concrete.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(heraldry)'' A triangular division of the shield.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A cape, cloak.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chaperon]]

+ * [[rechaper]]

+ * [[chapé]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chapeau]]

+ * [[chapelle]]

+ * [[échapper]]

+ * [[cape]]

+ * [[en|cope]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}