haïr French · revision 15817

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=frk *hatjan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Europe): /a.iʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /a.iʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /a.jiʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): /ha.ir/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''haïr'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|frk|*hatjan|t=to hate]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|16, 178a) reconstructed from [[goh|hazzēn|alt=hâzen]], [[gmh|hazzen]] and [[de|hassen]], and akin to [[en|hate]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Reichenau Glosses (late 8th century) gloss Latin “odisti” as “hadisti” “you hated”.^(TLFi) Wiktionary takes the Frankish verb from [[gem-pro|*hatjaną|t=to hunt, attack]].^(Wiktionary) Littré thought the ending “-ir” pointed rather to [[ang|hatian]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ A prefixed form [[m|fro|enhadir|t=to take a hatred to]] is found earlier, about 1050 in the “Vie de saint Alexis”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''häir'' “to hate, wish harm to someone”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used absolutely about 1160 and with a thing as object (''häir orgueil'') about 1165.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The verb wavered from the 12th century between simple and inchoative forms; the inchoative conjugation (''haïssons'') prevailed in the 16th century and was fixed in the 17th, except in the singular of the present indicative and the imperative (''je hais'').^(TLFi) The classical constructions ''haïr à'' and ''haïr de'' are obsolete.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ By litotes ''ne pas haïr'' means “to like”, as in Rabelais (1532, ''je ne vous hays point'') and in Corneille's ''Va, je ne te hais point''.^(BHVF)^(Petit Robert 2007) The noun ''haine'' dates from about 1150 (''haïne'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – ''Hadisti'' in the Reichenau Glosses.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – ''Enhadir'' in ''Saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Häir'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1150 – The noun ''haïne''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1532 – ''Je ne vous hays point'' in Rabelais.^(BHVF)

+ * 1569 – ''Haïssable''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hate]] (someone): ''haïr qqn à mort'', ''ne pas haïr'': to like rather well.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To hate, [[m|en|loathe]] (something): ''haïr la contrainte''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(literary)'' ''Haïr de'' + infinitive: to hate doing something.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To hate oneself; to hate each other.^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[haine]]

+ * [[haïssable]]

+ * [[haineux]]

+ * [[haïsseur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|hate]]

+ * [[en|heinous]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The ''h'' is aspirated (''je le hais'', not ''je l'hais''), but in Canada the verb is often pronounced with a mute ''h'' (''j'hais'').^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}