planter French · revision 15810

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1130, Paraphrase of the Song of Songs|origins=la planta}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /plɑ̃.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''planter'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|planter]], [[inh|la|plantō|t=to tread down the soil; to plant]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|9, 20b) used in rustic Latin for pressing down the soil round a cutting.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The Latin verb is from [[m|la|planta|t=sole of the foot]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) which the Petit Robert relates to [[grc|πλατύς|tr=platús|t=broad, flat]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|planta]], [[it|piantare]], [[oc|plantar]], [[ca|plantar]], [[es|plantar]] and Old Portuguese “chantar”.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935) The verb was borrowed by Germanic languages: [[en|plant]], [[de|pflanzen]], [[nl|planten]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A paraphrase of the Song of Songs (about 1130) has it for setting a young plant or cutting in the ground so that it takes root.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1165 the participle ''planté'' described a rider firmly seated, and the figurative sense “to root, implant (an idea)” appears in Guernes (1174–1176).^(TLFi) In 1188 Aimon de Varennes uses it for driving something in and for setting things in place;^(TLFi) ''planter'' a flag or a ladder is “to set upright” (about 1240), and ''planter un baiser'' dates from the 13th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The sense “to sow (seeds, bulbs)” (about 1393) is general in classical French and survives in Belgium and some regions (''planter des pommes de terre'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ''Planter là qqn'' “to leave someone in the lurch” goes back to Alain Chartier (15th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) ''Se planter'' “to stand stock-still” is from 1512;^(BHVF)^(TLFi) in recent familiar use it means of a vehicle “to crash” (about 1970) and of a person “to get it wrong, fail”, and in computing a program ''plante'' when it crashes.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) English ''planter'' “colonist, plantation owner” was borrowed back as ''planteur'' (1667).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – First record, in a paraphrase of the Song of Songs.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Planté'' “firmly seated”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1188 – “To drive in” in Aimon de Varennes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1393 – “To sow”, in the ''Ménagier de Paris''.^(TLFi)

+ * 15th century – ''Planter là''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1512 – ''Se planter'' “to take up a stand”.^(BHVF)

+ * 1977 – ''Se planter'' “to dry” in theatre slang.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|plant]] (a tree, a seedling); to sow (seeds, bulbs): ''planter des salades'', ''planter des tulipes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To plant (ground) with something: ''avenue plantée d'arbres''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To drive in (a stake, a nail); to pitch (a tent); to set up (a flag, a stage set).^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To stand (someone) up, ''planter là'': to leave in the lurch.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(computing)'' To [[m|en|crash]].^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(slang)'' To stab.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To plant oneself, stand firmly, ''(familiar)'' to crash; to get it wrong, fail.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[plant]]

+ * [[plantage]]

+ * [[plantoir]]

+ * [[planton]]

+ * [[déplanter]]

+ * [[replanter]]

+ * [[plantation]]

+ * [[planteur]]

+ * [[transplanter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plante]]

+ * [[implanter]]

+ * [[supplanter]]

+ * [[la|planta]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}