râler French · revision 15808

17 Oct 2026, 20:42 by bogdan “New French entry (TLFi, FEW, DHLF, Bloch–Wartburg…)” current version
Initial text

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1456, rasler|origins=la rādō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ʁa.le/^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA: /ʁɑ.le/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''râler'''^(Wiktionary)
+ ''Rasler'' (1456), ''raller'' (1549); the circumflex dates from the 18th century (Académie 1740).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the French doublet of [[racler]], which is of southern origin;^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|10, 83b) the FEW files it under [[la-vul|*rasclō|alt=*rasclare]].^(FEW|10, 83b) The original sense “to scrape” survives in the dialect verbs “éraler” and “déraler” “to graze, skin”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The first record (1456, ''Scène de l'aveugle et de son valet'') has ''rasler'' “to haggle, bargain”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Robert Estienne (1549) records ''raller'' for the hoarse sound made in breathing when the airways are obstructed, especially in the dying;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the noun ''râle'' “death rattle” follows in 1611.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) By analogy it is used of the cry of a stag in rut (1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The sense “to haggle” was taken up again in the 19th century (1841).^(TLFi)
+ 
+ The modern familiar sense “to grumble, complain” appears in Barbusse in 1916, in soldiers' speech,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) with ''râleur'' “grumbler” (1920–1923) and ''râlant'' “infuriating” (about 1930).^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1456 – ''Rasler'' “to haggle”.^(TLFi)
+ * 1549 – ''Raller'' “to rattle in the throat”, in Estienne.^(TLFi)
+ * 1611 – The noun ''râle''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1690 – Of a stag's cry.^(TLFi)
+ * 1916 – “To grumble”, in Barbusse.^(TLFi)
+ * 1923 – ''Râleur'' “grumbler”.^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To breathe with a [[m|en|rattle]] in the throat, especially when dying.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)
+ # Of certain animals, to bell or cry: ''un chevreuil qui râle''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)
+ # ''(familiar)'' To [[m|en|grumble]], complain, moan: ''faire râler qqn''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[râle]]
+ * [[râleur]]
+ * [[râlant]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[racler]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}