déployer French · revision 15801

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1130, Gormont et Isembart|origins=la plicō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /de.plwa.je/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''déployer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ [[fro|desploier]], [[m|fro|despleier]]^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873) and [[frm|desployer]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|dé-|ployer]],^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) from Old French [[m|fro|desploier]], formed with [[m|fro|des-]] on [[m|fro|ploiier|t=to fold]], from [[la|plicō|t=to fold]].^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|9, 70b) Wiktionary also mentions a possible [[la-lat|displicō]] or [[la|dēplicō|t=to unfold]] as the source.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|desplegar]], [[es|desplegar]], [[pt|despregar]] and [[it|dispiegare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ About 1130 the ''Gormont et Isembart'' uses it for spreading out something folded;^(TLFi) 12th-century epics have banners ''desploies'' “unfurled”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the late 13th century it was used figuratively for “to spend, bring into play” (''déployer son éloquence'', later ''déployer une activité'').^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The military sense, “to spread (troops) from column into line of battle”, is recorded by Robert Estienne in 1538.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''Rire à gorge déployée'' “to laugh heartily” dates from 1548.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg explain that ''plier'' arose as an analogical variant of ''ployer'' and that the 17th century fixed their uses;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) beside ''déployer'', ''déplier'' (1538) kept the concrete sense of unfolding.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In recent use ''déployer'' also means to roll out a new system or software to users.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – First record, in ''Gormont et Isembart''.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 13th century – “To bring into play”, in the ''Lai de l'Ombre''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – “To deploy (troops)”, in Estienne; the noun ''déploiement''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1548 – ''À gorge desployée'' in Noël du Fail.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – Recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|unfold]] or spread out (something folded or rolled): ''déployer les voiles'', ''déployer ses ailes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Rire à gorge déployée'': to laugh heartily.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To spread out over a wider area; to [[m|en|deploy]] (troops).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|display]] or bring fully into play: ''déployer une grande activité''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # To roll out (a system or software) to its users.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[déploiement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[déplier]]

+ * [[ployer]]

+ * [[plier]]

+ * [[en|deploy]]

+ * [[en|display]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}