bisque French · revision 15794

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=early 17th century}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bisk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bisque''' ''f'' (plural bisques)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain or unknown.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(Académie 9) It may be connected with Norman “bisque” “sour soup” or “bitter drink”, whose derivation from the name of the Spanish province of Biscay (“Biscaye”) is not proven;^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007) the Grand Robert and the Petit Robert cite Biscay as a possible source.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|1, 379a) Pierre Guiraud proposed a southern origin, from Provençal “bisco” “soup” and “bevel, small piece”, which he linked, through words for something cut on the slant, with [[bis]] and with [[biseau]] and [[bisquer]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is recorded from the early 17th century, perhaps already in Mellin de Saint-Gelais (died 1558), for a rich soup;^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Furetière describes it as made of pigeons, chickens, offal and mutton juice, served only at the tables of great lords.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A variant known from the 18th century, ''bisque de poisson'', made with minced carp, roe and crayfish, led to the modern soup, a creamy purée of shellfish, recorded by the Académie in 1835.^(DHLF 1992) ''Bisque d'écrevisses'' and ''bisque de homard'' are the classic kinds^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary); English took the word as ''bisque''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1558 – Perhaps in Mellin de Saint-Gelais.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1600 – ''Bisque'', a rich soup.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 18th century – ''Bisque de poisson'' with crayfish.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – A shellfish soup (Académie).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bisque]], a creamy soup of puréed [[m|en|shellfish]]: ''bisque de homard''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|bisque]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ A second ''bisque'' (from 1547, ''biscaye''^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873); ''bisque'' about 1576) was the fifteen-point advantage given at real tennis, of obscure origin, perhaps also from Biscay or from [[it|bisca|t=gambling den]];^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) ''prendre sa bisque'' was to take one's advantage.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989) A third, familiar ''bisque'' “vexation” (1853, George Sand) is a back-formation from ''bisquer''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}