manège French · revision 15788

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=16th century, Chronique bordelaise|origins=la manus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ma.nɛʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manège''' ''m'' (plural manèges)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Manegge'' (1606); written ''manege'' (Académie 1694, 1718), ''manège'' (1740), ''manége'' (1762–1835), ''manège'' from 1878.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|maneggio|t=handling; horse training]] (1590), a back-formation from [[m|it|maneggiare|t=to handle; to train a horse]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|6/1, 295a) derived from [[m|it|mano|t=hand]], from [[la|manus|t=hand]], the source of [[main]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The Italian verb corresponds to French [[manier]], and the Grand Robert and the Petit Robert even take it from French.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the 16th century (''Chronique bordelaise'') it is the art of training horses^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992); Cotgrave (1611) records it both for the training and for the place where it is done.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Riding halls spread in France at the end of the 16th century: large rectangular rooms with tracks, built for the nobility and later the bourgeoisie; the one built at the Tuileries for Louis XV in 1720 became famous when the Legislative Assembly met there and the Republic was proclaimed in 1792.^(DHLF 1992) Horse shows in the riding halls led to the circus.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From the start of the 17th century (1606^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)^(TLFi); Mme de Sévigné, 1671) the word is used figuratively of a way of behaving, often a crafty, calculated one, as a trained horse yields to every command.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)^(TLFi) By analogy it named a machine turned by a horse walking in a circle (1812), and also from this the merry-go-round, ''manège de chevaux de bois'' (1893), and any fairground ride.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1590 – Italian ''maneggio'' “horse training”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 16th century – The art of training horses.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1606 – Figurative ''manegge'', a way of behaving.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1611 – A riding school (Cotgrave).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1671 – Crafty dealings (Mme de Sévigné).^(BHVF)^(TLFi)

+ * 1720 – The riding hall of the Tuileries.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1812 – A machine turned by a horse.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1893 – ''Manège de chevaux de bois''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A riding school or arena; the art of training horses and riders.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A [[m|en|merry-go-round]], [[m|en|carousel]]; a fairground ride.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A crafty way of behaving; a [[m|en|ploy]], little game: ''je vois clair dans son manège''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A machine driven by an animal walking in a circle.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[manéger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manier]]

+ * [[main]]

+ * [[en|manège]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}