véranda French · revision 15785

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1758, translation of Grose, Voyage aux Indes orientales|origins=pt varanda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ve.ʁɑ̃.da/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''véranda''' ''f'' (plural vérandas)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Verranda'', ''veranda'' (1861); ''vérandah'' (1876) is dated.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|veranda]], also “verandah” (from 1711), a word brought back from India,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|18, 129b) where several languages, such as Hindi and Bengali, had taken it from [[pt|varanda|t=balcony, balustrade]] (late 15th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Académie 9) The origin of the Portuguese word is uncertain;^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) the FEW, Rey and Bloch and Wartburg derive it from [[m|pt|vara|t=rod, pole]], from [[la|vāra|t=forked pole; trestle]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) Old Occitan had [[m|pro|baranda|t=balustrade]] (12th century).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Littré took it from a Sanskrit word for “colonnade”, which the later sources do not follow.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The 1758 French translation of J. H. Grose's ''Voyage to the East Indies'' says the houses have a kind of colonnade outside ''que les Portugais appellent Vérandas''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word spread only in the 19th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Speaking of India and the Far East, a ''véranda'' is a light wooden gallery, covered or glazed, around a house or along its front.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Balzac (1844) applied it to a glazed gallery built onto a house in France, which became the usual sense; such conservatories are part of many modern solar houses.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+

+ In the French of the Indian Ocean it is the gallery in front of a house, also called ''varangue'', and in African French a lean-to roof.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 15th century – Portuguese ''varanda''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1711 – English ''veranda''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1758 – ''Vérandas'' (translation of Grose).^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ * 1844 – A glazed gallery (Balzac).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1878 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A glazed gallery or room built onto a house; a [[m|en|conservatory]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # In India and the Far East, a light wooden gallery around a house; a [[m|en|veranda]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(Africa)'' A lean-to roof along the side of a house.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[varangue]]

+ * [[en|veranda]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}