cigare French · revision 15783

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1688, Exquemelin, cigarro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /si.ɡaʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cigare''' ''m'' (plural cigares)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Cigarro'' (1688), ''cigale'' (1722–1771), ''cigare'' (1770), ''cigarre'' (1834); sometimes feminine, as in Chateaubriand and in the south-east.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|es|cigarro]] (about 1610),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) whose origin is uncertain.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Académie 9) Bloch and Wartburg, the FEW and the REW take it from a Maya verb [[yua|zicar|t=to smoke]];^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)^(FEW|20, 85a) others from [[m|es|cigarra|t=cicada]], made masculine, by likeness of shape and colour, which the French form “cigale” (1722–1771) seems to support.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré took it from a Spanish verb “cigarar” “to roll in paper”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Exquemelin's history of the buccaneers (1688), speaking of Cuba, describes leaves of tobacco rolled into little balls ''que les Espagnols nomment Cigarros'', smoked without a pipe.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The French form ''cigare'' is found from 1770 (Dom Pernetty) and became usual in the 19th century.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) By analogy it named rolls of medicinal leaves, such as belladonna, to be smoked, and a long wooden fishing lure.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+

+ The diminutive ''cigarette'' (1830–1831) first meant a small cigar in Latin America and then, from 1840–1860, rolled cut tobacco in thin paper.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Cigarière'', a woman who makes cigars, dates from 1863–1869.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1610 – Spanish ''cigarro''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1688 – ''Cigarros'' (Exquemelin).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1722 – ''Cigale'' (Labat).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1770 – ''Cigare'' (Dom Pernetty).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1831 – ''Cigarette'' (Balzac).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1835 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1915 – Slang “head”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cigar]]: ''fumer un cigare'', ''cigare de La Havane''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(fishing)'' A long wooden [[m|en|lure]].^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cigarette]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cigale]]

+ * [[en|cigar]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In slang (1915) ''le cigare'' is the head, from ''coupe-cigare'' “guillotine”: ''n'avoir rien dans le cigare'' is to have nothing in one's head; the Grand Robert and the Petit Robert treat it as a second word.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}