esquisse French · revision 15780

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1567, esquiche}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛs.kis/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''esquisse''' ''f'' (plural esquisses)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Esquiche'' (1567), ''esquisse'' (1611, Cotgrave; 1642, Oudin).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|schizzo|t=rough sketch]] (early 16th century), Frenchified, earlier “splash made by a spurting liquid” (14th century, Boccaccio), the noun of [[m|it|schizzare|t=to spurt, squirt]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) The “provisional drawing” sense is credited to the painter Vasari.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) The origin of “schizzare” is obscure:^(DHLF 1992) the TLFi and the FEW think it onomatopoeic,^(TLFi)^(FEW|12, 6b) while the Grand Robert, the Petit Robert and Littré derive it from [[la-lat|schedium|t=improvised poem]], from [[grc|σχέδιος|tr=skhédios|t=offhand, done in haste]], which Rey also mentions.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992) A Gothic “*slîtjan” “to split” does not fit the sounds.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Esquiche'' is recorded in 1567, as an architectural sketch;^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Oudin (1642) has ''esquisse'' for a drawing.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ An ''esquisse'' is the first form of a drawing or painting, and by analogy of a statue or a building, setting out its main lines^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007); Diderot found that ''les esquisses ont communément un feu que le tableau n'a pas''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) From 1752 it is also the outline plan of a literary work, then a general survey of a subject (Condorcet), and figuratively the beginning of a gesture, ''l'esquisse d'un sourire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+

+ The verb ''esquisser'' (1651, earlier ''esquicher'' 1567) followed the same path.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – Italian ''schizzo'' “splash”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * early 16th century – Italian ''schizzo'' “sketch”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1567 – ''Esquiche'', ''esquicher''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1642 – ''Esquisse'' (Oudin).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1651 – ''Esquisser''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1752 – The outline of a literary work.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sketch]], a first rough drawing or model of a work of art: ''esquisse au crayon''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # An outline, a general survey: ''une esquisse de ses projets''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The beginning of something: ''l'esquisse d'un sourire''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[esquisser]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[croquis]]

+ * [[ébauche]]

+ * [[en|sketch]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}