huile French · revision 15779

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=first half of the 12th century, Cambridge Psalter, oile|origins=grc ἐλαία}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɥil/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /wil/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''huile''' ''f'' (plural huiles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''oile'', ''olie'' (12th century), ''uile'' (13th century), ''huile'' (1260); the ''h'' was added so that ''uile'' would not be read as ''vile'', ''u'' also standing for ''v''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|oile]], [[inh|la|oleum|t=olive oil; oil]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|7, 341b) derived from [[m|la|olea|t=olive; olive tree]], from [[grc|ἐλαία|tr=elaía|t=olive]];^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary) Rey makes “oleum” a Latin form of [[m|grc|ἔλαιον|tr=élaion|t=olive oil]], a Mediterranean, pre-Indo-European word, of the same family as [[olive]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The French form was influenced everywhere by the Latin one.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|oli]], [[ca|oli]], [[it|olio]] and [[pt|óleo]];^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935) English [[m|en|oil]] was taken from Old French “oile” in the 13th century.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Cambridge Psalter (first half of the 12th century) translates Psalm 23 ''impinguasti in oleo'' as ''tu encressas en oile mun chief'', “you anointed my head with oil”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Leaving the Mediterranean, the word soon named other fatty liquids than olive oil: the ''Livre des métiers'' (1260) already has ''huile de olives, amandes, de nois, de cheneviz et de pavoz''; later came ''huile d'arachide'' (1801), ''huile de ricin'' (1831) and ''huile de foie de morue'' (1836), and mineral oils.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Painting ''à l'huile'' is recorded in 1752.^(TLFi)

+

+ Phrases draw on the oil's smoothness, ''mer d'huile'' “glassy sea”, its spreading, ''faire tache d'huile'' (1872), and its burning, ''jeter de l'huile sur le feu'' (1546; 17th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) ''Huile de coude'', “elbow grease”, is a joke.^(Wiktionary) In soldiers' slang (1887) a ''huile'' is a bigwig.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * first half of the 12th century – ''Oile'' (Cambridge Psalter).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1260 – ''Huile'', of olives, almonds, walnuts, hemp and poppy.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1546 – ''Jeter de l'huile sur le feu''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1752 – ''Peindre à l'huile''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1872 – ''Faire tache d'huile''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1887 – A bigwig, in soldiers' slang.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|oil|alt=Oil]], a fatty liquid of plant, animal or mineral origin: ''huile d'olive'', ''huile de moteur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An oil painting; painting in oils: ''peinture à l'huile''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Jeter de l'huile sur le feu'': to add fuel to the fire^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF); ''faire tache d'huile'': to spread steadily.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A [[m|en|bigwig]], an important person.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[huilage]]

+ * [[huiler]]

+ * [[huilerie]]

+ * [[huileux]]

+ * [[huilier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[olive]]

+ * [[oléagineux]]

+ * [[la|oleum]]

+ * [[en|oil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}