lande French · revision 15778

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century, Voyage de saint Brendan|origins=xtg *landa}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /lɑ̃d/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lande''' ''f'' (plural landes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|xtg|*landa]], reconstructed from [[ga|lann]], [[cy|llan]] and [[kw|lan]], which mostly in compounds mean “plain, open space” and “enclosure”, and also from [[br|lann|t=heath]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|5, 158b) The Celtic words are related to Germanic “*landa-” “land”, as in [[de|Land]] and [[en|land]];^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary's Old French entry leaves open a Germanic or Gaulish source.^(Wiktionary) The type “*landa” is found across the old Gaulish area: Old Italian, Catalan, Aragonese and Navarrese “landa” “field, piece of land”, and Gascon place names.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(REW 1935)

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+ Littré took it from German “Land”^(Littré 1873); Diez preferred Breton “lann”.^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Voyage de saint Brendan'' (early 12th century) two bears come out of the ''lande'', translating Latin ''saltus'': a wooded tract.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the north the word first meant wooded country, a sense kept in the name of the Landes;^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Aiol'' (about 1200) speaks of ''les landes de Bordele''.^(TLFi) At Bordeaux in 1778 it covered any uncultivated ground grazed by livestock, and it came to mean open, uncultivated land where heather, gorse and broom grow, usually the result of forest clearance.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) In the south-west, the ''landes'' are coastal dunes planted with pines.^(GLLF 1989)

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+ In western dialects ''lande'' also names the gorse and heather themselves, with ''landier'' (1840) for gorse.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 12th century – A wooded tract (''Brendan'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Les landes de Bordele'' (''Aiol'').^(TLFi)

+ * 1514 – ''Landes ou boscages'' in the custom of Labourd.^(TLFi)

+ * 1778 – Any uncultivated grazing land (Bordeaux).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1840 – ''Landier'', gorse.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|moor]], [[m|en|heath]], open uncultivated land covered with heather, gorse and broom.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Les Landes'': the region of south-western France, its pine-planted dunes.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(western dialects)'' [[m|en|gorse|alt=Gorse]], furze.^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[brande]]

+ * [[en|land]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}