blâmer French · revision 15774

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=grc βλασφημέω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bla.me/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /blɑ.me/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''blâmer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''blasmer'' (about 1050).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|blasmer]], [[inh|la-vul|*blastēmō|t=to reproach]], an altered form of [[la-ecc|blasphēmō|t=to blaspheme; to revile]], from [[grc|βλασφημέω|tr=blasphēméō]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|1, 403a) The change is due to dissimilation of the second labial, rather than to crossing with [[la|aestimō]], the source of [[estimer]];^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) “*blastemare” is supported by the Romance forms and by “blastema” for “blasphema” in inscriptions of Gaul.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The sense of “blasphemare” had weakened early to “to reprove publicly”, as in the Chronicle of Fredegar (613–658).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ It is a doublet of the learned [[blasphémer]].^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992) Compare [[pro|blasmar]], [[es|lastimar|t=to hurt, offend]]; [[it|biasimare]] was borrowed from French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) uses it both for reproaching someone and for condemning something.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Blâmer'' kept the weakened sense “to reproach”, and before the 17th century lost the strong senses “to curse, blaspheme” and “to threaten”, so that it stands well apart from its doublet ''blasphémer''.^(DHLF 1992) In law it meant “to accuse” (1177, Chrétien de Troyes), and later “to reprimand publicly by order of a court” (1690, Furetière).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The noun ''blâme'' is from about 1080 (''Chanson de Roland''), and ''blâmable'' from 1267–1268.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 613–658 – Latin ''blasphemare'' “to reprove publicly” (Fredegar).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1050 – ''Blasmer'' (''Alexis'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1080 – ''Blasme'' (''Roland'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1177 – “To accuse” (Chrétien de Troyes).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1267–1268 – ''Blasmable''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – A judicial reprimand (Furetière).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|blame]], to [[m|en|criticize]], to disapprove of someone or something: ''blâmer quelqu'un de son attitude''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To reprimand officially; to [[m|en|censure]].^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[blâme]]

+ * [[blasphémer]]

+ * [[en|blame]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}