scorbut French · revision 15773

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1604, François Martin, scurbut|origins=dum *scōrbut}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /skɔʁ.byt/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /skɔʁ.by/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scorbut''' ''m'' (plural scorbuts)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Scuerbuyck'' (1557) and ''schoerbuck'' (1561), as foreign words^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989); ''scurbut'' (1604), ''scorbut'' (1610).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-med|scorbūtus]], a medical term (from 1557),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|17, 63a) probably formed from an unattested [[dum|*scōrbut]], modern [[nl|scheurbuik]], supposed from [[gml|schorbuk]] (1404).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Dutch word was probably taken, through [[gmq-osw|skörbjug]], from [[non|skyrbjúgr]], a compound of [[m|non|skyr|t=curdled milk]] and [[m|non|bjúgr|t=swelling, oedema]]: the swellings were blamed on the curds that sailors ate in quantity on long voyages.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(Académie 9) The Oxford English Dictionary instead derives the Middle Dutch word from “schoren” “to tear” and “buk” “belly”, the Norse word then being a borrowing.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The French word was first recorded as a Dutch and Frisian word, “scuerbuyck” (1557).^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ François Martin's account of the first French voyage to the East Indies (1604) has ''scurbut'', the sailors' disease;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the form ''scorbut'' appears in the French translation of Linschoten's voyages (1610).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Scorbut'' is now known as a disease caused by lack of vitamin C, with anaemia, bleeding gums and wasting^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873); Littré still described it as due above all to long stays on board ship.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) ''Scorbutique'' (1642, first “good against scurvy”; of a sufferer, 1672) and ''antiscorbutique'' (1671) followed.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1404 – Middle Low German ''schorbuk''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1557 – ''Scuerbuyck'', as a Dutch word^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992); Medieval Latin ''scorbutus''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1604 – ''Scurbut'' (François Martin).^(TLFi)

+ * 1610 – ''Scorbut''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Antiscorbutique''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1694 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|scurvy|alt=Scurvy]], a disease caused by lack of [[m|en|vitamin C]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[scorbutique]]

+ * [[anti-]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|scurvy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}