goule French · revision 15772

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1697, d'Herbelot, gaïlan|origins=ar غول}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡul/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''goule''' ''f'' (plural goules)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|ar|غول|tr=ġūl|t=a demon that devours people]], often feminine,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|19, 53b) first known in France through d'Herbelot's “Bibliothèque orientale” (1697) and Galland's translation of the “Thousand and One Nights” (1712).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré derives it from a verb meaning “to fall upon someone”, and notes after Pihan that the Arabic word is masculine and means a kind of werewolf.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ D'Herbelot (1697) has the plural ''gaïlan'', a kind of forest demon; in Galland's ''Mille et une nuits'' (1712) ''les Goules'' are demons roaming the countryside, who fall upon travellers, kill them and eat their flesh.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Nodier (1821) made it current in French literature, and a ''goule'' became a female vampire that, in Eastern legend, devours corpses in graveyards.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) Balzac asks in which cemetery a young ''goule'' has dug up a corpse^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi); Gautier plays on ''goules d'amour''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) By analogy a carnivorous plant is a ''goule végétale''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1697 – ''Gaïlan'' (d'Herbelot).^(TLFi)

+ * 1712 – ''Goules'' (Galland).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1821 – Nodier.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1878 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|ghoul]], a female demon of Eastern legend that feeds on corpses.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|ghoul]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A second ''goule'' (from 1808) is the old form of [[gueule]] “mouth”, from Latin ''gula'', revived in popular and regional speech; it survives in [[goulée]], [[goulet]] and [[goulot]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) In Brittany ''goules'' are also sea caves.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}