visa French · revision 15734

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1527, Guillaume Crétin|origins=la videō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vi.za/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''visa''' ''m'' (plural visas)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|vīsa|t=things seen]], the neuter plural of [[m|la|vīsus]], past participle of [[m|la|videō|t=to see]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|14, 536b) a word written on documents that had been checked.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Littré explains it as short for a phrase with “carta” “paper seen”.^(Littré 1873) It belongs to the family of [[voir]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, in a ''Chant royal'' of Guillaume Crétin (1527), is an attestation that a document has been examined, which makes it valid.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Bloch and Wartburg and the Grand Robert date it from 1554.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ For centuries a ''visa'' was a formula, seal or signature put on a document to validate it^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873); Littré's first example is already an ambassador's ''visa'' on a passport.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The sense “stamp on a passport allowing entry to a country” is the main one from the early 20th century (1912).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Figuratively it means an approval (Hugo, 1856), and in law the list of texts cited at the head of a decision (1964).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The verb [[viser]] “to stamp with a visa” (1668) is a homonym of ''viser'' “to aim”, with which it is now confused.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1527 – An attestation that makes a document valid (Guillaume Crétin).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1554 – Date given by Bloch and Wartburg and the Grand Robert.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1668 – The verb ''viser'' “to stamp with a visa” (Colbert).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1694 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1856 – Figurative “approval” (Hugo).^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1912 – A stamp on a passport (Gaston Leroux).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1964 – The legal texts cited at the head of a decision.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A formula, seal or signature put on a document to make it valid or to show that a fee has been paid.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A [[m|en|visa]], the endorsement on a [[m|en|passport]] allowing entry to or stay in a country.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(public finance)'' Prior [[m|en|approval]] of public spending.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(law)'' The texts cited at the head of a decision or decree.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[viser]]

+ * [[voir]]

+ * [[la|videō]]

+ * [[en|visa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}