baroque French · revision 15732

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1531, inventory of Charles V, barroque}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ba.ʁɔk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''baroque''' (plural baroques)^(Wiktionary)

+ First written ''barroque'' (1531); ''baroc'' in Regnard (1688).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|pt|barroco|t=irregular pearl]], earlier “barroca” (13th century), a granite rock.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|21, 541b) The origin of the Portuguese word is obscure, probably pre-Roman because of its suffix “-ŏccu”, common in the Iberian peninsula;^(DHLF 1992) Pierre Guiraud connected it with a Gallo-Romance “barus” “divergent”,^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) and Wiktionary mentions [[la|verrūca|t=wart]].^(Wiktionary) Rey rejects a borrowing from [[es|barrueco]], which has the jewellers' sense only from 1605;^(DHLF 1992) the first French text, which also has “ajorffe”, another Iberian word for a pearl, points to the Peninsula.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The sense “bizarre” may owe something to [[la-med|baroco]], an arbitrary name made up by the Scholastics for a kind of syllogism, which their opponents mocked;^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Littré even took this for the source of the word.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ An inventory of Charles V (1531) lists ''gros ajorffes dictz barroques'', large irregular pearls.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Perle baroque'' “irregular pearl” was recorded by Furetière (1690) and the Académie (1718) and is now a jewellers' term.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The figurative sense “odd, shocking”, like that of ''grotesque'', appears about 1700 (Saint-Simon 1701, Autreau 1718^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(BHVF); ''un visage bien baroc'' in Regnard, 1688) and is in dictionaries from 1740.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(BHVF)

+

+ In art history it named, from 1749, a style that breaks the rules of Renaissance classicism; in 1788 Quatremère de Quincy defined ''le baroque'' as a refinement or abuse of the bizarre in architecture.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The neutral use for the style and period of 17th- and 18th-century art, music and literature came back from German ''barock'' about 1912.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Portuguese ''barroca'', a rock.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1531 – ''Barroques'', irregular pearls.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1688 – ''Un visage bien baroc'' (Regnard).^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1701 – “Bizarre” (Saint-Simon).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1718 – “Odd, shocking” (Autreau).^(TLFi)

+ * 1740 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1749 – Of a style of architecture and decoration.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1788 – ''Le baroque'' as a noun in architecture.^(TLFi)

+ * 1912 – The art-historical sense, from German.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''Perle baroque'': an irregularly shaped [[m|en|pearl]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # Odd and unexpected; [[m|en|bizarre]], [[m|en|eccentric]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(art, music)'' [[m|en|baroque|alt=Baroque]], of the style that followed Renaissance classicism.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Le baroque'': the Baroque style or period.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bizarre]]

+ * [[rococo]]

+ * [[en|baroque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}