hôtel French · revision 15709

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis, ostel|origins=la hospes}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /o.tɛl/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɔ.tɛl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hôtel''' ''m'' (plural hôtels)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''ostel'' (about 1050), ''hostel'' (from the 13th century), ''hôtel'' (mid-17th century); the ⟨s⟩, silent since the end of the 12th century, was replaced by the circumflex.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|ostel]], [[inh|la-lat|hospitāle|t=guest room; inn]] (from “hospitale cubiculum”),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|4, 495a) the neuter of [[m|la|hospitālis|t=of a guest]], used as a noun, from [[m|la|hospes|t=host; guest]], the source of [[hôte]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) It is a doublet of the learned [[hôpital]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The same Latin word gave [[oc|ostal]], [[es|hostal]] and [[it|ostello]];^(Littré 1873) Italian [[m|it|spedale]], [[m|it|ospedale]] “hospital” passed into German “Spital”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) the saint asks for ''lit ed ostel e pain e carn e vin'', a bed, lodging, bread, meat and wine: the word means lodging, shelter.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French ''ostel'' was a place of shelter, an army's camp (''Chanson de Roland''), one's own house (about 1135), the guest house of a monastery (about 1225) and an inn (early 13th century); ''Hôtel-Dieu'' (about 1250) was the “house of God”, a hospital.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The sense “inn” formed in the rich towns of the North in the 13th century and became general only at the end of the 15th.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ From the king's ''ostel'', his residence and household (about 1225^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi); ''maître d'hôtel'', about 1398), the word came to mean the town house of a great lord, and Nicot (1606) says that in Paris only such houses and the ''hostel de ville'' (1538) deserve the name.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Today an ''hôtel'' is mainly a hotel, but also a grand town house (''hôtel particulier'') and a public building such as the ''hôtel des Monnaies''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Ostel'' “lodging” (''Alexis'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1100 – A camp (''Roland'').^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1135 – One's own house.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * early 13th century – An inn.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1250 – ''Ostel Dieu''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1478 – ''Ostel commun'', the town hall^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989); ''hostel de ville'' (1538).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * mid-17th century – The spelling ''hôtel''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hotel]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A grand town house, a [[m|en|mansion]]: ''hôtel particulier''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A large public building: ''hôtel de ville'', [[m|en|town hall]]^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse); ''hôtel des Monnaies'', the Mint.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Maître d'hôtel'': a head waiter, a [[m|en|butler]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hôtel-Dieu]]

+ * [[hôtelier]]

+ * [[hôtellerie]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hôte]]

+ * [[hôpital]]

+ * [[hospice]]

+ * [[la|hospitālis]]

+ * [[en|hotel]]

+ * [[en|hostel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}