caricature French · revision 15705

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1740, d'Argenson|origins=la-lat carricō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ka.ʁi.ka.tyʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''caricature''' ''f'' (plural caricatures)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|caricatura|t=a loading; a caricature]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 420b) derived with the suffix “-ura” from the past participle of [[m|it|caricare|t=to load; to exaggerate]], which in the 17th century already meant a portrait made ridiculous by exaggerated features.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) “Caricare” comes from [[la-lat|carricō|t=to load a cart]], like French [[charger]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ D'Argenson's ''Mémoires'' (1740) use it as a painting term, a grotesque likeness in drawing or paint.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Before 1784 Diderot extended it to a distorted, exaggerated picture of reality in a literary work, and then to any ridiculous distortion of a thing.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) By metonymy (1808, Michelet 1822) a ''caricature'' is a person who is ugly or ridiculously dressed.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The first half of the 19th century, which gave ''caricaturer'' (1801), ''caricaturiste'' (1803) and ''caricatural'' (1842), was the great age of political caricature, with Daumier and Gavarni; in the 20th century the humorous drawing largely took its place.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 17th century – Italian ''caricatura'', a ridiculous portrait.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1740 – A grotesque likeness (d'Argenson).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1762 – First recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * before 1784 – A distorted image of reality in literature (Diderot).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1801 – ''Caricaturer''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1803 – ''Caricaturiste''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1808 – A ridiculous-looking person.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1842 – ''Caricatural''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|caricature]], a drawing that exaggerates the features of a person for comic or [[m|en|satirical]] effect.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A comic or satirical description that exaggerates certain traits.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A grotesque distortion of reality: ''une caricature de justice''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+ # A ridiculously dressed or ugly person.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[caricaturiste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[charger]]

+ * [[charge]]

+ * [[en|caricature]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}