déjeuner French · revision 15698

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1155, Wace (sei desgeüner)|origins=la iēiūnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /de.ʒœ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /de.ʒø.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /deʒ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /dɛʒ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''déjeuner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''desjeüner'', ''desgeüner'', at first reflexive.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873) Spelt ''déjeûner'' by some, after ''jeûne''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[inh|la-lat|disiēiūnō|t=to break one's fast]], attested only in the 11th century, later [[m|la-lat|disiūnō]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Académie 9)^(FEW|3, 95a) from the prefix [[m|la|dis-]] and Late Latin [[m|la-lat|iēiūnō|t=to fast]], from [[la|iēiūnus|t=fasting]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Littré and Wiktionary also allow a French formation from [[dé-]] and [[jeûner]].^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary) The English word [[m|en|breakfast]] expresses the same idea.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ In Old French the unstressed forms of the verb had a stem “disn-”, which gave rise in the 12th century to [[dîner]], with the same meaning;^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) the two are doublets.^(Wiktionary) Compare [[oc|dejunar]], [[ca|dejunar]] and [[es|desayunar]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace (about 1155) uses ''sei desgeüner'' for taking the morning meal; in Old French it also meant simply “to eat, take food”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As mealtimes moved later, ''déjeuner'' was kept for the small meal on rising and ''dîner'' for the midday meal, which was taken about ten in the 16th century and between eleven and noon in the 17th.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In 19th-century Paris the main meal moved to the evening, ''dîner'' followed it, and ''déjeuner'' came to mean lunch,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) while the morning meal became the ''petit déjeuner''.^(Petit Robert 2007) In Belgium, Switzerland and Canada ''déjeuner'' still means breakfast, and ''dîner'' lunch.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The noun ''déjeuner'' (12th century) follows the verb;^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Académie 9) it also names a breakfast cup and saucer (1749).^(BHVF)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 11th century – Late Latin ''disjejunare''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1155 – ''Sei desgeüner'' (Wace).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 12th century – The noun, and the split of ''disner''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1540 – The noun “morning meal”.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * mid-19th century – “To lunch”.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To have [[m|en|lunch]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Belgium, Switzerland, Canada; dated in France)'' To have [[m|en|breakfast]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Lunch, the midday meal: ''déjeuner d'affaires''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Belgium, Switzerland, Canada; dated in France)'' Breakfast.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A large cup and saucer for breakfast.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dînatoire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dîner]]

+ * [[jeûner]]

+ * [[jeûne]]

+ * [[en|dine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}