honneur French · revision 15687

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=second half of the 10th century, Vie de saint Léger (honor)|origins=la honor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔ.nœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɔnɶ̝ʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''honneur''' ''m'' (plural honneurs)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''honor'', ''onor'', ''enor'', ''eneur'';^(DHLF 1992) ''honneur'' from the 13th century, remade after Latin.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Feminine in Old French, like other nouns from Latin ''-or'', it became masculine from the 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|honor]], [[inh|la|honor|t=honour paid to gods or men; public office]] (classical “honōs”),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|4, 465b) a word of obscure origin.^(Petit Robert 2007) Bloch and Wartburg call it a borrowing from Latin.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The popular forms “enor”, “eneur” were remade after the Latin spelling.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Compare [[it|onore]], [[es|honor]] and [[oc|onor]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (second half of the 10th century) uses it for a mark of veneration or esteem, and also for an office or charge.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the 6th century Latin ''honor'' named charges granted to counts and royal officers with their lands, and in Old French ''honneur'' meant an office and then a fief or domain (''Roland'', about 1100).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) These senses disappeared, leaving ''les honneurs'', titles and distinctions.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The esteem one enjoys (''Alexis'', mid-11th century) and the sense of one's own dignity (''Roland'') became the moral principle of honour,^(TLFi) for a woman her chastity (Wace, about 1145).^(TLFi) Phrases include ''point d'honneur'' (Montaigne, 1580), ''parole d'honneur'' (1694), ''faire honneur à'' (1679) and François I's “Tout est perdu, fors l'honneur”.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) In cards the ''honneurs'' are the court cards.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * second half of the 10th century – ''Honor'' (''Saint Léger'').^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * mid-11th century – Esteem (''Alexis'').^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – A fief (''Roland'').^(TLFi)

+ * 14th century – Becomes masculine.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1580 – ''Point d'honneur'' (Montaigne).^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1694 – ''Parole d'honneur''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|honour|alt=Honour]]; moral integrity and self-respect: ''une question d'honneur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Esteem, credit: ''c'est tout à son honneur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(plural)'' Honours, distinctions: ''rendre les honneurs''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(cards)'' A court card, an honour.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[déshonneur]]

+ * [[honnête]]

+ * [[honorable]]

+ * [[honoraire]]

+ * [[honoré]]

+ * [[honorer]]

+ * [[honorifique]]

+ * [[en|honour]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}