coq French · revision 15681

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=1121–1135, Philippe de Thaon|origins=la-lat coccus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coq''' ''m'' (plural coqs)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''coc'' (nominative ''cos''); the final /k/, silent in the 17th century, has been restored.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|coc]], [[inh|la-lat|coccus]], found in the Salic Law (6th century), a word of imitative origin;^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|2, 857a) Petronius already writes the cock's crow “cocococo”.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rey points out that the imitation may rather be of the hen's cry, and gives Guiraud's view of a Picard and Anglo-Norman word from a Germanic word for “heap” crossed with Latin “coccum” “scarlet”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Wiktionary derives the Late Latin word from [[gmw-pro|*kokk]], related to [[en|cock]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ “Coq” replaced Old French [[m|fro|jal]], from [[la|gallus|t=cock]], which survives in [[it|gallo]] and [[es|gallo]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Philippe de Thaon's ''Bestiaire'' (1121–1135) uses it for the male of the hen.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The cock's proud bearing gave ''coq de paroisse'' (1467) and ''coq de village'' (1549), a man who struts as the most important in his community.^(TLFi) The name passed to the males of other birds, ''coq de bruyère'' “grouse” (Walloon, 1317), and to things shaped like a cock, such as the weathercock on a church spire (''coq de clocher'').^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ In boxing ''poids coq'' is bantamweight (1936).^(TLFi) Derivatives include [[coquet]] (15th century) and ''coq-à-l'âne'' “cock-and-bull talk” (Marot, 1532).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th century – Late Latin ''coccus'' (Salic Law).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1121–1135 – ''Coc'' (Philippe de Thaon).^(TLFi)

+ * 1317 – ''Coq de bruyère''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1467 – ''Coq de paroisse''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1532 – ''Coq-à-l'âne''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1936 – ''Poids coq''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cock]] or [[m|en|rooster]]: ''le chant du coq''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The male of other birds: ''coq de bruyère'' “grouse”.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Coq au vin'': chicken cooked in wine.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A man who struts about: ''coq de village''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(boxing)'' ''Poids coq'': bantamweight.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coquet]]

+ * [[coquetterie]]

+ * [[coq-à-l'âne]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cocorico]]

+ * [[poule]]

+ * [[en|cock]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A second ''coq'', a ship's cook (''maître-coq''), was borrowed in 1671 from Dutch [[m|nl|kok]], from Latin ''coquus''; it is related to [[queux]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}