esquif French · revision 15675

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1497, Guillaume de Villeneuve|origins=lng *skif}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛs.kif/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''esquif''' ''m'' (plural esquifs)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|schifo|t=small boat]] (before 1470; the diminutive “schifetto” is found in the 14th century),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) from [[lng|*skif|t=boat]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|17, 109a) reconstructed from [[goh|skif]] (modern [[de|Schiff]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Germanic word is the source of [[équiper]] and is related to [[en|ship]];^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) [[skiff]] and [[skipper]] came later from English and Dutch.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[es|esquife]] and [[pt|esquife]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Guillaume de Villeneuve's memoirs (1497) use it for a small boat.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word has kept its sense, a small light boat, and is now literary, often in ''frêle esquif'' “frail craft”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi) Chateaubriand and Verlaine use it, and Hugo figuratively of two friends' lives tossed by the same storm.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – Italian ''schifetto''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * before 1470 – Italian ''schifo''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1497 – French ''esquif''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(literary)'' A small light boat, a [[m|en|skiff]]: ''un frêle esquif''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[skiff]]

+ * [[équiper]]

+ * [[en|ship]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}