panais French · revision 15663

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1180, pasnaie (Proverbe au vilain)|origins=la pastināca}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.nɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''panais''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French feminine ''pasnaie''; masculine ''panaiz'' (1549), ''panais'' (1561–1562); also ''panets''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|pasnaie]], [[inh|la|pastināca|t=parsnip, carrot]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|7, 752b) a name of several umbellifers, which Rey and the Petit Robert derive, perhaps, from [[m|la|pastinum|t=dibble, two-pronged hoe]], by likeness of shape.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The modern masculine form arose from the plural, the usual form for vegetables, and the change of form brought the change of gender.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Littré's derivation from Greek “panax” is not supported by the others.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ [[pastenague]] “stingray” is a learned doublet.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992) [[pro|pastenaga]] gave French “pastenade”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Proverbe au vilain'' (about 1180) has ''pasnaie''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word kept the Latin sense.^(DHLF 1992) Highly valued from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, the parsnip later came to be seen as a poor man's food, and ''panais'' was used of a worthless, outdated object; it returned to favour with traditional vegetables in the 1980s and 1990s.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1180 – ''Pasnaie''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1549 – ''Panaiz'' (Estienne).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1561 – ''Panais''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – The Académie keeps only ''panais''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|parsnip]], the plant and its edible root.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pastenague]]

+ * [[en|parsnip]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different, popular ''panais'' or ''panet'' “shirt-tail” (1876), with ''en panais'' “in one's shirt”, comes from [[pan]] “flap”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}