école French · revision 15653

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis (escole)|origins=grc σχολή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.kɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''école''' ''f'' (plural écoles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''escole'';^(TLFi) ''école'' from 1636.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|schola|t=leisure for study; lesson; school]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|11, 299b) from [[grc|σχολή|tr=skholḗ|t=leisure; study]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word meant leisure, then the study done at leisure (Plato), and in Hellenistic Greek a philosophical school;^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) in Late Latin ''schola'' also meant a guild or company.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Schola'' displaced [[la|lūdus]] “elementary school”, which left no trace in that sense in Romance.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The form [[m|fro|escole]] shows a word that kept in touch with written Latin, a semi-learned borrowing.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[it|scuola]] and [[es|escuela]]; [[de|Schule]] and [[en|school]] were borrowed from Latin.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) tells how the good father put the child to school, “ad escole li bons pedre le mist”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the place of teaching the word spread to the pupils of a master and those who follow his teaching (''Jeu d'Adam'', 1146–1174),^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) and so to a school of thought or art: ''l'École'' was scholastic philosophy (Descartes, 1636), and painters are grouped by ''école'' (''l'école flamande'').^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Être à bonne école'' meant to have a good source of instruction.^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Faire l'école buissonnière'' “to play truant” is recorded by Cotgrave (1611).^(GLLF 1989) In riding it is the training of the horse (1755),^(TLFi) and in backgammon an ''école'' was a point forgotten by one's opponent, whence ''faire une école'' “to make a blunder”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Escole'' (''Alexis'').^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1146–1174 – The followers of a master.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1265 – A school of thought (Jean de Meun).^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1611 – ''École buissonnière'' (Cotgrave).^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1636 – The spelling ''école''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1755 – Riding school, training (''Encyclopédie'').^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|school]]; especially a primary school.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The pupils and staff of a school; schooling: ''aller à l'école''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A specialised college: ''école d'ingénieurs'', ''grande école''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A school of thought or art; the followers of a master.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Something that teaches: ''à bonne école''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[écolier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[scolaire]]

+ * [[la|schola]]

+ * [[en|school]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}