guitare French · revision 15651

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1275–1280, quitarre (Roman de la Rose)|origins=grc κιθάρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡi.taʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''guitare''' ''f'' (plural guitares)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Quitarre'' (1275–1280), ''guitare moresche'' (1349), ''guitarre'' (1360), ''guitare'' (1373); ''guittare'' in the Académie of 1740.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|es|guitarra]] (about 1330),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) [[bor|ar|قيثارة|tr=qīṯāra]],^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) itself from [[grc|κιθάρα|tr=kithára|t=cithara, lyre]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 717b) Rey says the Arabic step is only probable, and that the link with a Persian name of an instrument meaning “three strings” is unclear;^(DHLF 1992) the GLLF gives [[pro|guitarra]] as the source.^(GLLF 1989) The form “quitarre” is a separate adaptation of the Spanish word with an unvoiced first consonant.^(TLFi)

+

+ The Greek word also gave French [[cithare]] and [[cistre]], doublets.^(Wiktionary) Old French had [[m|fro|guiterne]], more common until the 17th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean de Meun's part of the ''Roman de la Rose'' (1275–1280) has ''quitarre'' among musical instruments;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) the ''guitare moresche'', the Moorish guitar, appears in 1349.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Medieval Spain distinguished the ''guitarra latina'', close to the modern guitar, from the three-stringed ''morisca'', close to the lute.^(DHLF 1992) The word came to mean a guitar player (19th century) and, figuratively, a tedious, oft-repeated refrain (1858).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In carpentry it names a kind of timber joint (1866).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The 20th century added ''guitare électrique'', ''guitare hawaïenne'' and, by contrast, ''guitare sèche'' “acoustic guitar”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The player is a ''guitariste'' (1829).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1275–1280 – ''Quitarre'' (''Roman de la Rose'').^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1330 – Spanish ''guitarra''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1349 – ''Guitare moresche''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1360 – ''Guitarre''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1829 – ''Guitariste''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1858 – “A worn-out refrain”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1866 – A carpentry joint.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|guitar]]: ''guitare électrique'', ''guitare sèche''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated, figurative)'' A tiresome, often-repeated tune or story.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(slang)'' A leg.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cithare]]

+ * [[cistre]]

+ * [[citole]]

+ * [[en|guitar]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}