chaire French · revision 15648

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=first half of the 12th century, chaere (Pèlerinage de Charlemagne)|origins=grc ἕδρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chaire''' ''f'' (plural chaires)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''chaere'', ''chaiere''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chaere]], by regular sound change [[inh|la|cathedra|t=chair with a back]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 506a) [[bor|grc|καθέδρα|tr=kathédra|t=seat; teacher's chair; throne]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) from [[m|grc|κατά|tr=katá|t=down]] and [[m|grc|ἕδρα|tr=hédra|t=seat]], related to the Latin root of [[seoir]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The form [[chaise]], which arose about 1420 in the central region with /z/ for /r/, took over the ordinary sense “chair”, and French kept both for different senses;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) [[cathèdre]] is a learned doublet.^(Wiktionary) Compare [[pro|cadiera]] and [[it|cattedra]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Pèlerinage de Charlemagne'' (first half of the 12th century) has ''chaere'' for a chair with a back;^(TLFi) the sense stayed in use until the 17th century and survives in the dialects of the West and Centre.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It specialised as a seat of honour: a throne (about 1170), the seat of great persons, the Chair of Saint Peter (Furetière, 1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Jean de Meun (1269–1278) uses it for the raised seat from which a master teaches,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) and by metonymy it came to mean a professorship (''chaire de droit'', 1680).^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ The ''chaire de vérité'' (mid-15th century) is the pulpit of a church, whence ''l'éloquence de la chaire'' “pulpit oratory” (1694).^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) A sedan chair was a ''chayere'' in 1404, a sense later taken by ''chaise''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * first half of the 12th century – ''Chaere'' “chair”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1170 – “Throne”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1269–1278 – A master's raised seat (Jean de Meun).^(TLFi)

+ * about 1420 – The rival form ''chaise'' appears.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * mid-15th century – ''Chaire de vérité'' “pulpit”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – ''Chaire de droit'' “professorship”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Éloquence de la chaire''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pulpit]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A university [[m|en|professorship]], a chair.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The raised desk or seat of a teacher; a [[m|en|rostrum]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # The throne of a bishop or of the pope: ''la chaire de saint Pierre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chaise]]

+ * [[cathédrale]]

+ * [[la|cathedra]]

+ * [[en|chair]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}