église French · revision 15647

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=grc καλέω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.ɡliz/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''église''' ''f'' (plural églises)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''eglise'', ''iglise'', ''glise'', ''egleise''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|eglise]], [[inh|la-vul|eclesia]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|3, 203a) a frequent popular form of Christian Latin [[m|la|ecclēsia]],^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) [[bor|grc|ἐκκλησία|tr=ekklēsía|t=assembly of citizens]], used in the New Testament for the assembly of Christians.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Greek word comes from [[m|grc|ἐκκαλέω|tr=ekkaléō|t=to call out, summon]], from [[m|grc|καλέω|tr=kaléō|t=to call]].^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007) [[m|la|ecclēsia|alt=Ecclesia]] meant the building as well as the community from the 2nd century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg note that the word's sound changes show the influence of the written language.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|chiesa]], [[es|iglesia]], [[pt|igreja]] and [[ca|església]];^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Romanian and Rhaeto-Romance used [[m|la|basilica]] instead.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) uses it for the building devoted to Christian worship.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the 12th century ''sainte eglise'' (1135) and ''la sainte mère eglise'' (about 1175) meant the whole body of Christians and the authority that governs it.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the 16th century it is used of particular Christian communions, ''eclise romaine'' (Rabelais, 1546), the ''église gallicane'', and after the Reformation the Reformed, Anglican and Baptist churches.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Gens d'église'' (1549) are the clergy,^(TLFi) and in the 19th century ''église'' came to mean, figuratively, any group bound by one doctrine (Goncourt, 1862).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – A church building (''Alexis'').^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1135 – ''Sainte eglise'', the body of believers.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1546 – ''Eclise romaine'' (Rabelais).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1549 – ''Gens d'eglise'' “clergy”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1862 – A group sharing a doctrine (Goncourt).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|church]], a building for Christian worship.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''L'Église'': the Christian Church, the community of believers.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A particular Christian denomination: ''l'Église orthodoxe''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The clergy, the ecclesiastical state: ''homme d'Église''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ecclésiastique]]

+ * [[la|ecclēsia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}