dinde French · revision 15641

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping|attested=1600, Olivier de Serres}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dɛ̃d/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dinde''' ''f'' (plural dindes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It comes from the phrases “poule d'Inde”, “coq d'Inde” and “poulet d'Inde”, “hen, cock, chick of India”, with the preposition [[de]] joined to the name [[Inde]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|4, 639b) In the Middle Ages these names meant the guinea fowl (“poulle d'Ynde” 1380, “geline d'Inde” 1385, “coq d'Inde” 1465), after Medieval Latin “gallina de India”, India here being Abyssinia, where the guinea fowl lives wild.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) When the Spaniards, after conquering Mexico (1519–1521), brought the turkey to Europe (to France about 1532), the names passed to the new bird.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré took “Inde” to mean America, the first name of the New World.^(Littré 1873)

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+ Italian, German and English had parallel names, “gallo d'India”, “indianischer Hahn” and “cock of India”.^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Olivier de Serres (1600) uses ''dinde'' for the turkey hen, and ''d'Indars'' and ''d'Indes'' for turkeys.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rabelais already writes of ''poulle d'Inde'' (1542) and of ''coq, poulle, poullet d'Inde'' (1552).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Dinde'' was also masculine for the turkey cock, as it still is in many northern dialects;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) the masculine [[dindon]] (1600) first meant the young bird, then took over the male,^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) with ''dindonneau'' (1680) for the chick.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ Figuratively ''une dinde'' is a silly, pretentious woman (1752).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) As food, ''dinde aux marrons'' is the traditional Christmas dish.^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Medieval Latin ''gallina de India'' “guinea fowl”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1380 – ''Poulle d'Ynde''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1519–1521 – The Spaniards find the turkey in Mexico.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1542 – ''Poulle d'Inde'' in Rabelais.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1600 – ''Dinde'' and ''dindon'' (Olivier de Serres).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1680 – ''Dindonneau''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1752 – A silly woman.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|turkey]] hen; a turkey as poultry.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Turkey meat: ''dinde aux marrons''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A silly, empty-headed woman.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dindon]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pintade]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}