brigade French · revision 15629

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1370, Guillaume de Machaut|origins=it briga}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bʁi.ɡad/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''brigade''' ''f'' (plural brigades)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|brigata|t=troop, band]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) which named a military company in the 13th century and a team of workers in the 14th.^(DHLF 1992) The Italian word comes from [[m|it|briga|t=strife; company]], probably as the feminine past participle of a verb [[m|it|brigare]] that must have meant “to go in a troop”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|23, 97a) Guiraud links ''briga'' to [[got|*brikan|t=to break]].^(Grand Robert 2005) The same Italian family gave French [[brigand]] and [[brigue]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Guillaume de Machaut uses it about 1360–1370 of a band or company of people.^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 16th century it meant any troop of people;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) it was applied to armed troops from 1549, probably by a new borrowing from Italian, and the poets of the Pléiade first called themselves the ''Brigade''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The modern military sense, a unit of several regiments under one commander, is from 1789, and ''général de brigade'' is still in use.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From the 19th century it spread to other groups under a head: a brigade of gendarmes (1835), a gang of workmen (1867) and kitchen staff.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The ''Brigades internationales'' fought in Spain from 1936 to 1938, and the ''Brigades rouges'' (from Italian [[m|it|brigate rosse]]) were Italian terrorists from 1970.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1370 – A band of people (Machaut).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1549 – Armed troops.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1642 – ''Brigadier''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1789 – A unit of several regiments.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1835 – ''Brigade de gendarmerie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1867 – A gang of workers.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ * 1936 – The International Brigades.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|brigade]], a tactical unit within a [[m|en|division]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The smallest unit of the [[gendarmerie]], or a police squad: ''brigade des mœurs''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A team of workers under a foreman.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(classical)'' A troop or band of people.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[embrigader]]

+ * [[brigadier]]

+ * [[embrigadement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[brigand]]

+ * [[brigue]]

+ * [[en|brigade]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}