costume French · revision 15621

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1641, Poussin (coustume)|origins=la cōnsuētūdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔs.tym/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''costume''' ''m'' (plural costumes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|costume|t=custom]] (about 1260),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) which in the 16th century had taken the narrow artistic sense “the way of showing the age, rank and period of figures”.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The Italian word has the same origin as French [[coutume]], [[la|cōnsuētūdō|t=custom, habit]],^(TLFi)^(Académie 9)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 1091a) so it is a doublet of ''coutume''.^(Wiktionary) The Italian pronunciation, “costumé”, was still noted by the Académie in 1740.^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears as a painters' term, ''coustume'', in a letter of Poussin of 1641, for faithfulness to the customs, dress and setting of a period, what was later called local colour.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In that sense it was still alive about 1850 (Balzac, Delacroix).^(DHLF 1992) In the 18th century, dress being the most visible mark of a group, it came to mean the way of dressing proper to a rank or period (1747), probably in the language of the theatre,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) and then a whole outfit (1777), as in ''costume de théâtre''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The everyday sense, a man's suit of matching jacket and trousers, came in the 19th century with that garment.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Costume de bain'' “swimsuit” is now old in France but current in Belgium, Switzerland and Quebec.^(DHLF 1992)^(DHFQ)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1641 – ''Coustume'' in Poussin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1662 – ''Costume'' (Fréart de Chambray).^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1747 – The way of dressing of a rank or time.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1777 – A particular outfit.^(TLFi)

+ * 1787 – ''Costumé'', with ''costumer'' following in 1792.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1866 – A man's suit (Larousse).^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A man's [[m|en|suit]]: ''costume trois pièces''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The dress typical of a country, period or group: ''costume régional''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An outfit for an occasion or a part; a [[m|en|costume]] or [[m|en|disguise]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Costume de bain'' ''(Belgium, Switzerland, Quebec)'': a [[m|en|swimsuit]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHFQ)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[costumier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coutume]]

+ * [[en|costume]]

+ * [[en|custom]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}