café French · revision 15619

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1651, cafeh|origins=ar قهوة}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ka.fe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''café''' ''m'' (usually uncountable, plural cafés)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Chaone'' (1610), ''cahoa'' (1611), ''caüé'' (1633), ''cahvé'' (1654), ''cafeh'' (1651), ''caphé'' (1671); ''café'' from 1665.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|ota|قهوه|tr=kahve]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|19, 78a) from [[ar|قهوة|tr=qahwa]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) a word which, according to Littré and Devic, named the drink rather than the bean, and had long been a name of wine.^(Littré 1873)^(Grand Robert 2005) Rey thinks the form ''café'' noted the Parisian pronunciation of the Turkish word used by the Ottoman embassy, and that the Venetian Italian of the ambassadors ([[it|caffè]], earlier “caveé”) may also have served as a go-between;^(DHLF 1992)^(Académie 9) Wiktionary derives it from Italian.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Popular [[caoua]] (1863), from soldiers' slang in Algeria, comes straight from Arabic, and is a doublet.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Scholars first wrote of ''caoua'' in Latin (Alpinus, 1592), and travellers to Arabia, Turkey and Persia brought back forms such as ''cahoa'' (1611) and ''caüé'' (1633);^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''cafeh'' is from 1651 and ''café'' from 1665, in Mme de Sévigné.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Coffee drinking spread at Marseille, which imported it from Egypt, before 1660, and in Paris after the Turkish envoy Süleyman Ağa served it to his visitors in 1669–1670.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The first coffee house opened at Marseille in 1654 and in Paris in 1672;^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873) ''café'' named such an establishment from 1694 (''cabaret de cahué'' 1662).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Many phrases followed: ''café au lait'', ''café crème'', ''café-concert'', ''c'est un peu fort de café'' “that's going too far”.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) Derivatives include ''cafetière'' (1685), ''caféier'' (1743) and ''caféine'' (1818).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1592 – Latin ''caoua'' (Alpinus).^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1611 – ''Cahoa''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1651 – ''Cafeh''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1654 – The first coffee house opens at Marseille.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1665 – ''Café''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1669 – The Turkish embassy makes coffee fashionable in Paris.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1694 – ''Café'' “coffee house”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1818 – ''Caféine''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|coffee|alt=Coffee]], the drink: ''un café noir'', ''un café crème''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Coffee beans, roasted or green; the coffee plant.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # A [[m|en|café]], a place serving drinks and coffee.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The moment after a meal when coffee is taken: ''au café''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Coffee-coloured.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[caféiculteur]]

+ * [[caféier]]

+ * [[caféière]]

+ * [[caféine]]

+ * [[caféterie]]

+ * [[cafetier]]

+ * [[cafetière]]

+ * [[pause-café]]

+ * [[pousse-café]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cafétéria]]

+ * [[décaféination]]

+ * [[décaféiner]]

+ * [[caoua]]

+ * [[en|café]]

+ * [[en|coffee]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}