royaume French · revision 15618

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (reialme)|origins=la regō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁwa.jom/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ʁwa.jɔm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''royaume''' ''m'' (plural royaumes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''reialme'' (''Roland''), ''roiaume'' (about 1196), ''royaume'' from the 13th century; also ''reiame'', ''roiame'' to the mid-14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|reiame]], altered by crossing with [[royal]];^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''reiame'' was understood as a derivative of [[la|rēx|t=king]], but is in fact [[inh|la|regimen|t=direction, government]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(FEW|10, 209b) from [[m|la|regō|t=to rule]],^(Grand Robert 2005) which by a learned route gave [[régime]].^(DHLF 1992) [[pro|regeme]] beside [[m|pro|reialme]] supports this.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi) Littré instead supposed a form derived from [[la|rēgālis|t=royal]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ [[it|reame]], [[osp|realme]] and [[en|realm]] come from Gallo-Romance.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''reialme'' for a state ruled by a king: Charlemagne says he will hold his realm in great grief.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In religious language ''Dieu roiaume'' meant paradise (Rutebeuf, 1266), whence ''le royaume des cieux'', ''royaume de Dieu''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Poetic and figurative uses include ''le royaume des lis'' (France), ''le royaume des morts'' and the phrase ''ne pas le faire pour un royaume'' “not for anything” (late 17th century;^(DHLF 1992) Froissart already has “pas pour le royalme de Bavière”).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The ''Royaume-Uni'' is the United Kingdom.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Reialme'' (''Roland'').^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1196 – ''Roiaume''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Roiame'' in Jean Renart.^(TLFi)

+ * 1266 – ''Dieu roiaume'' “paradise”.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – ''Royaume''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * mid-14th century – ''Reiame'' goes out of use.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|kingdom]], a state ruled by a king or queen.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(religion)'' ''Le royaume de Dieu, des cieux'': the [[m|en|kingdom of heaven]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A domain where someone reigns: ''la cuisine est son royaume''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[roi]]

+ * [[royal]]

+ * [[régime]]

+ * [[en|realm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}