troubadour French · revision 15611
17 Oct 2026, 17:22 by bogdan “New French entry (TLFi, FEW, DHLF, Bloch–Wartburg…)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1575, Jean de Nostredame|origins=la-vul *tropō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /tʁu.ba.duʁ/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''troubadour''' ''m'' (plural troubadours, feminine troubadouresse or trobairitz)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|pro|trobador|t=poet, composer]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) the oblique case of [[m|pro|trobaire]], from [[m|pro|trobar|t=to find; to compose verse]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) ''Trobar'' has the same origin as French [[trouver]], from Latin [[la-vul|*tropō|t=to compose a melody, invent verse]],^(Académie 9)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|13/2, 319a) and ''troubadour'' corresponds to the northern [[trouvère]].^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Jean de Nostredame used it in 1575 in his ''Vies des anciens poètes provençaux'', for the courtly lyric poets of the langue d'oc of the 12th and 13th centuries.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Pasquier explained in the 16th century that the poets were called ''troubadours'' because of what they “found”, that is, invented.^(Littré 1873) The word then seems to have been forgotten until 1690.^(DHLF 1992) With the 19th-century vogue for the Middle Ages it was used, first ironically (Gautier, 1843), for a man who sings of love,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) and in ''style troubadour'' (1851) for the pseudo-Gothic fashion in art and letters of the early 19th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)
+
+ Soldiers' slang ''troubade'' “infantryman” (1860) is a joking formation from it.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 12th century – Old Occitan ''trobador''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1575 – French ''troubadour'' in Jean de Nostredame.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1690 – The word reappears after a long gap.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1843 – Ironical use in Gautier.^(TLFi)
+ * 1851 – ''Style troubadour''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|troubadour]], a [[m|en|courtly]] lyric poet of the langue d'oc in the 12th and 13th centuries.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)
+ # ''(ironic)'' A singer or poet of love.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)
+
+ ===Adjective===
+ # ''Style troubadour'': the 19th-century neo-Gothic style in art and literature.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[trouver]]
+ * [[trouvère]]
+ * [[en|troubadour]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}