crayon French · revision 15609

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1309, croion|origins=la crēta}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kʁɛ.jɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /kʁe.jɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): /kɾe.jɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): /kɾi.jɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crayon''' ''m'' (plural crayons)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Croion'' (1309), ''créon'' (the usual spelling in the 16th and 17th centuries); ''crayon'' from 1611 in Cotgrave and fixed by 1704.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|craie|-on]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary) from [[la|crēta|t=chalk, clay]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 1330b) Cognate with [[it|creta]] and [[es|greda]], which kept the sense “clay” as well as “chalk”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In 1309 ''croion'' named a kind of chalky soil.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1528 ''créon'' is a stick of chalk-like material for drawing and writing,^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) and the word came to cover all such sticks of coloured minerals, then the wooden pencil with a graphite lead.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) In the 16th century it also meant a sketch or outline: Montaigne writes of painting black and white “with the same ''creon''”.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Further senses are a pencil drawing, an artist's manner (''un crayon large''), and in medicine a stick of caustic (1833).^(Littré 1873)^(BHVF) The verb ''crayonner'' “to sketch” is from 1584.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1309 – ''Croion'', a chalky earth.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1528 – ''Créon'', a stick for drawing.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1584 – ''Crayonner''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1611 – The spelling ''crayon'' in Cotgrave.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1676 – ''Porte-crayon''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1704 – ''Crayon'' becomes the standard spelling.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pencil]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A stick of coloured material for drawing: ''crayon de couleur'', ''crayon pastel''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A drawing in pencil or chalk.^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(medicine, cosmetics)'' A stick of a substance: ''crayon hémostatique'', ''crayon khôl''.^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)

+ # ''(soil science)'' A light, chalky soil, as in Champagne.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[crayonnage]]

+ * [[crayonner]]

+ * [[crayonneur]]

+ * [[porte-crayon]]

+ * [[taille-crayon]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[craie]]

+ * [[crayeux]]

+ * [[la|crēta]]

+ * [[en|crayon]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}