cravate French · revision 15601

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1649|origins=sh Hrvat}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kʁa.vat/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cravate''' ''f'' (plural cravates)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the same word as the ethnic name ''Cravate'' “Croat”, recorded from 1573 as an adjective and later replaced by [[croate]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''Cravate'' is an adaptation either of Slavic [[sh|Hrvat|t=Croat]] or of dialectal [[de|Krawat]], while ''croate'' was taken from standard German [[m|de|Kroate]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|16, 395b) The name passed to the band of cloth that Croatian horsemen in French service wore round their necks;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) Ménage dated the fashion to 1636, during the German wars.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ From French come [[it|cravatta]], [[es|corbata]] and [[en|cravat]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word first meant a Croatian mercenary in the French light cavalry (Voiture, before 1648), whence the regiment of Royal-Cravate under Louis XIV.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The neckband sense is recorded about 1649–1651, at first sometimes masculine.^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The garment replaced the falling collar about 1670; it was wound twice round the neck with lace-trimmed ends,^(DHLF 1992) and after the battle of Steenkerque (1692) it became the fashion to wear it loosely “à la Steinkerque”.^(DHLF 1992) The modern necktie took shape about 1907.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The cavalry sense also gave a name to a sturdy horse of the Croatian breed (1678).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Slang and familiar uses play on something round the neck: a wrestling hold round the neck (1877),^(DHLF 1992) ''cravate de chanvre'' “the hangman's rope”,^(Littré 1873) and ''s'en jeter un derrière la cravate'' “to knock back a drink”.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1573 – ''Cravate'' “Croat” as an adjective.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * before 1648 – Voiture uses it of Croatian cavalrymen.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1649 – First record as a neckband.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1666 – The Royal-Cravate regiment.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1678 – A horse of the Croatian breed.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1823 – The verb ''cravater''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1907 – The modern necktie sense in Larousse.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|necktie]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A band of cloth worn round the neck; a [[m|en|cravat]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(wrestling)'' A [[m|en|headlock]].^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A ribbon tied to a flagstaff below the flag.^(Littré 1873)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(Quebec)'' A canoe stuck on a rock.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cravater]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[croate]]

+ * [[en|cravat]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The older masculine ''un cravate'', a Croatian cavalryman or a horse of Croatian breed, is historical only.^(TLFi)^(Académie 9)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}