sabot French · revision 15598

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=early 14th century, çabot}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sa.bo/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sa.bɔ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sabot''' ''m'' (plural sabots)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''çabot'', ''cabot'', Picard ''chabot''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Bloch and Wartburg explain it as an alteration of Poitevin [[m|fr|bot|t=clog]], a form of [[botte]] “boot”, by crossing with [[savate]] “old shoe”;^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007) the TLFi agrees.^(TLFi) The FEW and the Grand Robert relate ''bot'' to [[fro|bot|t=toad]], properly “something squat and rough-hewn”, from a Germanic [[gem-pro|*butt-|t=blunt]];^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|15/2, 43a) the first syllable is unexplained.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Rey points out that the earlier sense “spinning top” fits this poorly, and gives Guiraud's view that a northern [[m|fro|çabot]] merged with a southern form linked to [[oc|saba|t=to strip bark]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Sabot is the northern word; the south uses forms of [[pro|esclop]], from [[la|stloppus|t=a slap on the puffed cheek]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record (early 14th century) is ''caboz torneiz'' “spun tops”,^(TLFi) and a 13th-century miracle of Saint Louis tells of a child playing with his ''cabot''.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989) The shoe sense, though thought to be the original one, is recorded only from 1512.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Villon's ''dormir comme un sabot'' “to sleep like a top” (about 1460) keeps the toy sense.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) As the clog of country people, it became a figure of poverty, and ''je le vois venir avec ses gros sabots'' “I can see him coming a mile off” goes back to a 1585 phrase.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Other senses grew from the shape: a horse's hoof (1564),^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) a metal shoe on the foot of furniture (1762),^(TLFi) a half-length bath (1798),^(TLFi) a bad violin (1835),^(TLFi) and in the 20th century the wheel clamp.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007) The verb [[saboter]], around 1300 “to knock, jolt”, came to mean “to botch work” (1808), and gave [[sabotage]] at the end of the 19th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 14th century – ''Caboz'' “spinning tops”.^(TLFi)

+ * about 1460 – Villon's ''dormant comme ung sabot''.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1512 – The wooden shoe.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1564 – The hoof of a horse.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – Brass shoes on furniture legs (Académie).^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – A sabot-shaped bath.^(TLFi)

+ * 1808 – ''Saboter'' “to botch”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|clog]], a shoe carved from one piece of wood.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The [[m|en|hoof]] of a horse or other ungulate.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' A spinning [[m|en|top]].^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A worthless tool or instrument.^(Larousse)

+ # A wheel [[m|en|clamp]]; a metal shoe or cap on the end of a post or leg.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sabotage]]

+ * [[saboter]]

+ * [[sabotier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[savate]]

+ * [[botte]]

+ * [[en|sabot]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sabot de Vénus'' is the lady's slipper orchid.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}