θρόνος Ancient Greek · revision 15587

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Mycenaean (Linear B)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /tʰró.nos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈθro.nos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈθro.nos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''θρόνος''' (thrónos) ''m'' (genitive θρόνου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) Its formation has been compared with [[m|grc|κλόνος|tr=klónos]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) It has been traced to Indo-European [[m|ine-pro|*dʰer-|t=to hold, support]], the root of the perfect [[sa|दाधार|tr=dādhā́ra|t=has held]], so that a throne would be a “support”.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Beekes finds this improbable: a suffix *-ono- did not exist, no other word for “chair” comes from this root, and the root has no certain Greek derivative.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) The comparison with [[m|grc|θρᾶνος|tr=thrânos|t=bench]] and [[m|grc|θρῆνυς|tr=thrênus|t=footstool]] is also problematic.^(Beekes 2010) He suggests it may be Pre-Greek.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Mycenaean has [[gmy|to-no]], /thornos/, and [[m|gmy|to-ro-no-wo-ko]], /thorno-worgoi/ “chair-makers”.^(Beekes 2010)^(Mycenaean–Russian) Hesychius records a Cypriot word [[m|grc|θόρναξ|tr=thórnax|t=footstool]].^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Mycenaean tablets have [[gmy|to-no]].^(Beekes 2010) Homer uses it for a seat or chair (''Odyssey'' 1.130) and for the throne of a god (''Iliad'' 1.536).^(GLAUx)^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was any seat, including the seat in a carriage (Aeschylus, Herodotus), and especially the seat of authority: the throne of a god or king (Pindar, Herodotus, tragedy), the chair of state, the seat of judges, and the tripod of the Delphic priestess.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) Plato uses it for a teacher's chair, and figuratively (''Republic'' 553c).^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) Aeschylus and Sophocles use the plural for royal power.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ The compound [[χρυσόθρονος|tr=khrūsóthronos]] “golden-throned” is Homeric.^(Beekes 2010) Medieval Greek kept the word, and Modern Greek ''θρόνος'' is a throne, also a patriarchal throne.^(Kriaras)^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mycenaean – Linear B has to-no and to-ro-no-wo-ko.^(Beekes 2010)^(Mycenaean–Russian)

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' use it for a seat and Zeus's throne.^(GLAUx)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for a royal throne.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Aeschylus uses the plural for royal power.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for a teacher's chair.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|seat]], [[m|en|chair]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|throne]], of a god or king; a chair of state.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A judge's seat; the tripod of the Delphic priestess.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+ # ''(plural)'' Royal power, sovereignty.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[εὔθρονος|tr=eúthronos]]

+ * [[ποικιλόθρονος|tr=poikilóthronos]]

+ * [[χρυσόθρονος|tr=khrūsóthronos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|throne]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}