δρᾶμα Ancient Greek · revision 15586

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th–5th century BC, Aeschylus|origins=grc δράω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /drâː.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈðra.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈðra.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''δρᾶμᾰ''' (drâma) ''n'' (genitive δρᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|grc|δράω|tr=drā́ō|t=to do, act]] with the result-noun suffix [[m|grc|-μα|tr=-ma]].^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded use is in Aeschylus' ''Agamemnon'' (533), for a deed, as opposed to [[πάθος|tr=páthos]] “suffering”.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Herodotus uses it for a play: Phrynichus produced a drama on the capture of Miletus.^(DGE) In Aristophanes, Plato, Demosthenes and Aristotle it is a play, tragedy or comedy, and Aristotle discusses what lies inside or outside the action of the drama.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE) Plato also uses it for a person's business or duty and, figuratively, for a role in life, a performance, and stagey behaviour.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Polybius and Plutarch use it for a dramatic event in real life.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ Late Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|drama]].^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''δράμα'' is a play and a drama in life; its senses “drama (genre)” and “tragic event” are semantic loans from French ''drame''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Aeschylus uses it for a deed.^(GLAUx)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for a tragedy by Phrynichus.^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Aristophanes and Plato use it for a play.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle discusses the action of a drama.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century BC – Polybius uses it for a dramatic event.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A deed, act.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A business, duty.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A [[m|en|play]], drama, tragedy or comedy.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A dramatic event; a role; theatrics.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[δραματικός|tr=drāmatikós]]

+ * [[δραμάτιον|tr=dramátion]]

+ * [[δραματοποιέω|tr=dramatopoiéō]]

+ * [[δραματουργία|tr=drāmatourgíā]]

+ * [[δραματουργός|tr=drāmatourgós]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|drama]]

+ * [[en|drama]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}