ἄγκυρα Ancient Greek · revision 15582

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=borrowing|attested=7th–6th century BC, Alcaeus|origins=qfa-sub-grc}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /áŋ.kyː.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈaɲ.ɟy.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈaɲ.ɟy.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ᾰ̓́γκῡρᾰ''' (ánkūra) ''f'' (genitive ᾰ̓γκῡ́ρᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Beekes takes it as Pre-Greek, [[der|qfa-sub-grc|-]]: its suffix [[m|grc|-υρα|tr=-ura]] is typically Pre-Greek, as in [[m|grc|γέφυρα|tr=géphūra|t=bridge]] and [[m|grc|γόργυρα|tr=górgūra|t=underground sewer]], so it does not continue an inherited formation.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) It has traditionally been derived from [[m|ine-pro|*h₂enk-ur-ya-]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂enk-|t=to bend]], the root of [[m|grc|ἄγκος|tr=ánkos|t=bend]], a view the OED supports.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded uses are in Alcaeus and Theognis, for an anchor.^(Beekes 2010)^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Pindar, Herodotus, Aeschylus and Xenophon speak of casting anchor, Herodotus of keeping ships at anchor, and Plutarch of weighing anchor.^(LSJ 1940) It also meant a hook.^(Wiktionary) Its rare derivatives include [[ἀγκυρωτός|tr=ankurōtós]] “anchor-shaped”.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|ancora]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Saalfeld 1874) Modern Greek ''άγκυρα'' is learned, beside popular ''άγκουρα''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 7th–6th century BC – Alcaeus uses it.^(Beekes 2010)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 6th century BC – Theognis uses it.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar speaks of casting anchor.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus speaks of ships at anchor.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''άγκυρα'' means anchor.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|anchor]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|hook]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀγκάλη|tr=ankálē]]

+ * [[ἄγκοινα|tr=ánkoina]]

+ * [[ἀγκών|tr=ankṓn]]

+ * [[la|ancora]]

+ * [[en|anchor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}