ἀριθμός Ancient Greek · revision 15580

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Odyssey|origins=ine-pro *h₂rey-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /a.ritʰ.mós/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /a.riθˈmos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /a.riθˈmos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ᾰ̓ρῐθμός''' (arithmós) ''m'' (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s]], from [[m|ine-pro|*h₂rey-|t=to count, arrange]].^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010) It is formed with the suffix [[m|grc|-θμος|tr=-thmos]] from the root seen in [[m|grc|νήριτος|tr=nḗritos|t=countless]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Ionic has the metathesised [[m|grc|ἀμιθρός|tr=amithrós]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ Outside Greek there are comparable words in Germanic, [[non|rím|t=account]] and [[goh|rīm|t=row, number]], and in Celtic, [[sga|rím|t=number]], and probably [[la|rītus|t=rite]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) Frisk thought the outside connections uncertain.^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded use is in the ''Odyssey'' (4.451), for a count.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx) The verb [[ἀριθμέω|tr=arithméō]] “to count” is already in the ''Iliad''.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is counting and numbering (Pindar, Herodotus, Euripides, Thucydides), the sum or total number of persons and things (the ''Odyssey'', Hesiod, Semonides, Herodotus, tragedy), and a company of men (the ''Odyssey'', Herodotus, the New Testament).^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) It also meant an amount of material or money, an item in a list, and rank or account.^(Wiktionary) Euripides and Callimachus use it for regard or reckoning.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ Plato, Archytas and Aristotle made [[ἀριθμητικός|tr=arithmētikós]] the technical term for arithmetic.^(Frisk 1960) Modern Greek ''αριθμός'' is a learned word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998) English ''logarithm'' was coined in Modern Latin by John Napier in the 1610s from λόγος and ἀριθμός.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Odyssey'' uses it for a count.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)

+ * 7th century BC – Semonides uses it for number.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for a total number.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses ἀριθμητικός for arithmetic.^(Frisk 1960)^(DGE)

+ * 1610s – Napier coins ''logarithmus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|number|alt=Number]], amount, total.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Counting, numbering.^(CGL 2021)

+ # A company, body of persons.^(CGL 2021)

+ # Rank, account; regard.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # An item in a series or list.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀριθμητικός|tr=arithmētikós]]

+ * [[ἀριθμέω|tr=arithméō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|arithmetic]]

+ * [[en|logarithm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}