νόμος Ancient Greek · revision 15575

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Before the 6th century BC, Hesiod|origins=grc νέμω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /nó.mos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈno.mos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈno.mos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''νόμος''' (nómos) ''m'' (genitive νόμου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|grc|νέμω|tr=némō|t=to distribute, allot]] with the /o/ grade and the suffix [[m|grc|-ος|tr=-os]].^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940) The whole Greek system of these words, including νόμος, [[m|grc|νομή|tr=nomḗ]] and [[m|grc|νομός|tr=nomós|t=pasture]], is built on the present [[m|grc|νέμω|tr=némō]].^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is not in Homer.^(LSJ 1940) Its first recorded use is in Hesiod's ''Theogony'' (66): the Muses sing of the customs and ways of all.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is custom, usage, the accepted standard of behaviour, sometimes divinely ordained.^(CGL 2021) Pindar and Euripides personify Custom.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) It also meant a law or ordinance.^(Wiktionary)^(Πάπυρος) “By custom” or “by convention” (νόμῳ) was opposed to “by nature” (φύσει) in Isocrates, Plato, Xenophon and Aristotle.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ In music it meant a melody or strain and a type of song.^(Wiktionary) Other senses were a coin and a course of masonry, and [[m|grc|νοῦμμος|tr=noûmmos]] is a variant form.^(Wiktionary) Its compounds include [[αὐτόνομος|tr=autónomos]] “independent”, [[εὐνομία|tr=eunomía]] “good order” and [[Δευτερονόμιον|tr=Deuteronómion]].^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek ''νόμος'' continues it.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Kriaras) English ''-nomy'' comes from the family.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before the 6th century BC – Hesiod uses it for customs.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar personifies Custom.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses νόμῳ for “by custom”.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato opposes convention to nature.^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – ''νόμος'' means law.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Usage, [[m|en|custom]], convention.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A [[m|en|law]], ordinance.^(Wiktionary)^(Πάπυρος)

+ # ''(music)'' A melody, strain; a kind of song.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A coin.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A course of masonry.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀγορανόμος|tr=agorānómos]]

+ * [[ἀνομία|tr=anomíā]]

+ * [[ἄνομος|tr=ánomos]]

+ * [[ἀστυνόμος|tr=astunómos]]

+ * [[αὐτόνομος|tr=autónomos]]

+ * [[γυναικονόμος|tr=gunaikonómos]]

+ * [[ἐκνόμιος|tr=eknómios]]

+ * [[ἐκνόμως|tr=eknómōs]]

+ * [[ἐπίνομος|tr=epínomos]]

+ * [[εὐνομέομαι|tr=eunoméomai]]

+ * [[εὐνομία|tr=eunomía]]

+ * [[εὔνομος|tr=eúnomos]]

+ * [[ἰσόνομος|tr=isónomos]]

+ * [[κακόνομος|tr=kakónomos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[νέμος|tr=némos]]

+ * [[νομή|tr=nomḗ]]

+ * [[νομός|tr=nomós]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The near-homograph [[νομός|tr=nomós]], with the accent on the last syllable, is a pasture, a dwelling or a province.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}