δρῦς Ancient Greek · revision 15570

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Mycenaean (Linear B)|origins=ine-pro *dóru}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /drŷːs/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈðrys/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈðrys/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''δρῦς''' (drûs) ''f'' (genitive δρῠός); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|ine-pro|*dóru|t=wood, tree]], formed from its oblique cases, and the same word gave [[m|grc|δόρυ|tr=dóru|t=wood, spear]].^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010) Apart from its long vowel, explained by the feminine gender of tree names, it is identical with [[sa|द्रु|tr=dru|t=wood]], as in [[m|sa|द्रुषद्|tr=druṣád|t=sitting in a tree]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Mycenaean has [[gmy|du-ru-to-mo]], /dru-tomoi/ “woodcutters”.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Cognate with [[cu|дръва|tr=drŭva|t=wood]], [[sq|dru|t=wood, tree]], [[got|𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿|tr=triu|t=tree]] and [[ang|trēow|t=tree]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Mycenaean tablets have [[gmy|du-ru-to-mo]].^(Beekes 2010) Homer uses it for trees and especially oaks, as in the ''Iliad'' (11.494; 12.132).^(GLAUx)^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the oak tree and oak timber or foliage (Homer, Hesiod, Euripides).^(CGL 2021) The ''Odyssey'', Aeschylus, Sophocles and Plato mention the sacred oak of Zeus at Dodona, whose rustling leaves gave his oracles.^(CGL 2021) The proverbial “not from oak or rock” in the ''Odyssey'' seems to refer to a belief that mankind came from these, and in the ''Iliad'' to idle talk.^(CGL 2021)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[δρύϊνος|tr=drúïnos]] “oaken” (''Odyssey'') and [[Δρυάς|tr=Druás]] “Dryad, tree-nymph” (Plutarch).^(Beekes 2010) Modern Greek ''δρυς'' is a learned word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mycenaean – Linear B has du-ru-to-mo, “woodcutters”.^(Beekes 2010)

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' uses it for oaks.^(GLAUx)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * Homer – The ''Odyssey'' mentions the oak of Dodona.^(CGL 2021)

+ * Before the 6th century BC – Hesiod uses it.^(CGL 2021)^(GLAUx)

+ * 1st–2nd century AD – Plutarch uses Δρυάς for a tree-nymph.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|tree]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|oak]]; oak timber.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[δρυπεπής|tr=drupepḗs]]

+ * [[δρύϊνος|tr=drúïnos]]

+ * [[δρυοκολάπτης|tr=druokoláptēs]]

+ * [[δρυοπτερίς|tr=druopterís]]

+ * [[χαμαίδρυς|tr=khamaídrūs]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[δόρυ|tr=dóru]]

+ * [[en|tree]]

+ * [[en|dryad]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}