ῥόδον Ancient Greek · revision 15567

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=Mycenaean (Linear B)|origins=ira-pro *wardah}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /r̥ó.don/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈro.ðon/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈro.ðon/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ῥόδον''' (rhódon) ''n'' (genitive ῥόδου, diminutive ῥοδάριον); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*wródon]], as Aeolic [[m|grc|βρόδον|tr=bródon]] shows.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) It is certainly borrowed from the East, probably, like [[xcl|վարդ|tr=vard|t=rose]], from Old Iranian: [[bor|ira-pro|*wardah|t=flower, rose]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary) Related words include [[arc|wardā|t=rose]] and [[ar|وردة|tr=warda|t=rose]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) Rosół lists it among Oriental loans of unknown origin for which a Semitic source is doubtful.^(Rosół 2013)

+

+ The Linear B adjective [[gmy|wo-do-we]], /wordowen/ “rose-scented”, is an epithet of oil.^(Beekes 2010)^(Rosół 2013) [[la|rosa|t=rose]] was probably borrowed from Greek, but the details are unclear.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Mycenaean tablets have the adjective [[gmy|wo-do-we]].^(Beekes 2010) The compound [[ῥοδοδάκτυλος|tr=rhododáktulos]] “rosy-fingered”, Homer's epithet of Dawn, is older than the simple word, which is first found in the ''Homeric Hymn to Demeter'' (6).^(Rosół 2013)^(LSJ 1940)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Theognis, Pindar and Herodotus speak of roses, and Theophrastus describes the red rose, the hundred-petalled rose and the wild rose.^(LSJ 1940) It stood for beauty, fragrance and luxury, and Sappho calls poetry “the roses of Pieria”; in Aristophanes “you have spoken roses of me” is ironic.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) Theocritus and Bion use it for the rosy colour of the cheek or lip.^(CGL 2021) Sappho has the Aeolic [[βροδοδάκτυλος|tr=brododáktulos]] of the moon.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mycenaean – Linear B has wo-do-we, of rose-scented oil.^(Beekes 2010)^(Rosół 2013)

+ * Homer – The compound “rosy-fingered” is used of Dawn.^(Beekes 2010)^(Rosół 2013)

+ * 6th century BC – The ''Homeric Hymn to Demeter'' and Theognis use it.^(LSJ 1940)^(GLAUx)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus mentions roses.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Theophrastus describes kinds of rose.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|rose]], the flower or the bush.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(figurative, plural)'' Delights; poetry.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # Rosiness of the cheek or lip.^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|rosa]]

+ * [[en|rose]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}