καμάρα Ancient Greek · revision 15566

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=5th century BC, Herodotus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ka.má.raː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /kaˈma.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /kaˈma.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κᾰμᾰ́ρᾱ''' (kamárā) ''f'' (genitive κᾰμᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Beekes 2010)^(Πάπυρος) It recalls [[ae|kamarā|tr=kamarā|t=girdle]], whose meaning is different but appears in the Hesychius glosses [[m|grc|καμάρη|tr=kamárē]] and [[m|grc|καμαρίς|tr=kamarís]], which Frisk thinks were borrowed from Iranian.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) [[la|camurus|t=curved (of horns), vaulted]] has also been compared.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Other comparisons, with [[sa|क्मरति|tr=kmárati|t=is crooked]] or with [[got|𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr=himins|t=heaven]], remain uncertain.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Beekes thinks it is rather a loanword, perhaps from an eastern language; a scholiast on Oribasius calls it Carian.^(Beekes 2010) Wiktionary suggests an Old Iranian source, [[m|ira-pro|*kamarā-|t=something curved]], from [[ine-pro|*kh₂em-|t=to bend]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded use is in Herodotus (1.199), for covered wagons with vaulted roofs.^(GLAUx)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Hellenistic and later Greek it is a vault or vaulted room, and a wagon or boat with a vaulted cover (the Septuagint, Strabo, inscriptions and papyri).^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) The Septuagint has it in Isaiah (40:22).^(GLAUx) Its derivatives include [[καμαρόω|tr=kamaróō]] “to vault”.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|camera]], which passed on into Germanic and Balto-Slavic.^(Beekes 2010)^(Πάπυρος) Medieval Greek kept καμάρα and also borrowed back the Latin form as ''κάμαρα'' “room”.^(Kriaras)^(Triantafyllidis 1998) Modern Greek ''καμάρα'' continues the ancient word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for covered wagons.^(GLAUx)^(Beekes 2010)

+ * 3rd–2nd century BC – The Septuagint uses it.^(Beekes 2010)^(GLAUx)

+ * 1st century BC – 1st century AD – Strabo uses it for vaults.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * Medieval – Greek borrows back the Latin ''camera'' as κάμαρα.^(Kriaras)^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+ * Modern Greek – ''καμάρα'' continues the ancient word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|vault]]; a vaulted room.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+ # A covered wagon or boat with a vaulted roof.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|camera]]

+ * [[en|chamber]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}