κορώνη Ancient Greek · revision 15562

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *ḱorh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ko.rɔ̌ː.nɛː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /koˈro.ni/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /koˈro.ni/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κορώνη''' (korṓnē) ''f'' (genitive κορώνης); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It continues an old noun with /n/, [[m|ine-pro|*kor-ōn]], as the Italic words for “crow”, [[la|cornīx|t=crow]] and [[xum|curnaco|t=crow]], suggest.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) The same root, apparently imitative of the bird's cry, is in [[m|grc|κόραξ|tr=kórax|t=raven]] and [[m|grc|κόραφος|tr=kóraphos]], and a form with /u/ appears in [[la|corvus|t=raven]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The senses “hook, curved tip” have sometimes been separated from the crow and linked with [[m|grc|κυρτός|tr=kurtós|t=curved]], but Beekes argues that the unique Greek formation speaks against this, the metaphor from the crow's beak being natural.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Linear B adjective [[gmy|ko-ro-no-we-sa]], “with curved handles”, contains it.^(Mycenaean–Russian)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it for the hook at the tip of a bow, round which the string was looped (''Iliad'' 4.111), and in the ''Odyssey'' for a door handle and a sea-bird.^(CGL 2021)^(GLAUx)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Hesiod, Archilochus and Stesichorus use it for the crow, the hooded crow.^(CGL 2021) The ''Odyssey'''s “sea crow” was perhaps a shearwater or a cormorant.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010) It also named many curved or hooked things: the tip of a plough-pole (Apollonius of Rhodes), the stern of a ship (Aratus), a swelling of the elbow (Hippocrates) and a kind of crown.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Its derivative [[κορωνίς|tr=korōnís]] meant “curved”, of ships, and later a curved stroke at the end of a book.^(Beekes 2010) Medieval Greek has ''κουρούνα'' for the crow.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' uses it for the tip of a bow.^(CGL 2021)^(GLAUx)

+ * Homer – The ''Odyssey'' uses it for a door handle and a sea-bird.^(CGL 2021)

+ * Before the 6th century BC – Hesiod uses it for the crow.^(CGL 2021)^(GLAUx)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Hippocratic writers use it for a swelling.^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * Medieval – Vernacular Greek has κουρούνα.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|crow]], hooded crow.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+ # A sea-bird, perhaps a [[m|en|shearwater]] or cormorant.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+ # The hooked tip of a bow; the tip of a plough-pole.^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+ # A door handle.^(CGL 2021)

+ # The curved stern of a ship.^(Beekes 2010)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A swelling of the elbow.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[κορώνεως|tr=korṓneōs]]

+ * [[κορωνιάω|tr=korōniáō]]

+ * [[κορωνίς|tr=korōnís]]

+ * [[κορωνός|tr=korōnós]]

+ * [[κορωνόν|tr=korōnón]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|cornīx]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}