χάρτης Ancient Greek · revision 15560

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=5th century BC, Hippocratic Corpus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /kʰár.tɛːs/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈxar.tis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈxar.tis/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''χᾰ́ρτης''' (khártēs) ''m'' (genitive χᾰ́ρτου); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος) Like the papyrus plant itself it probably came from Egypt, though this is unconfirmed.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος) A derivation from [[m|grc|χαράσσω|tr=kharássō|t=to scratch, engrave]], given in Strong's concordance, is rejected by Beekes and Chantraine.^(Wiktionary) Rendsburg suggests a Phoenician source, [[phn|𐤇𐤓𐤈𐤉𐤕|tr=ḥrṭyt|t=that which has been written]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first recorded uses are in Hippocratic treatises and in Attic inscriptions, for a leaf or roll of papyrus.^(GLAUx)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Plato Comicus and Hellenistic writers used it for a papyrus sheet or roll, and figuratively for a thin plate.^(Beekes 2010) The Septuagint's Jeremiah and the Second Epistle of John use it.^(GLAUx) Its derivatives include the diminutive [[χαρτίον|tr=khartíon]] and late terms for the papyrus tax.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|charta]], the source of French ''carte'' and German ''Karte'';^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Greek later took back Latin derivatives such as χαρτουλάριος “archivist”.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) [[sa|कडित्र|tr=kaḍitra|t=writing leather]] probably comes from it.^(Beekes 2010) Modern Greek ''χάρτης'' “paper; map” is learned; its sense “map” is a semantic loan from Italian ''carta'' and English ''chart''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Hippocratic treatises use it.^(GLAUx)

+ * 3rd–2nd century BC – The Septuagint uses it for a scroll.^(GLAUx)

+ * 1st century AD – The Second Epistle of John uses it.^(GLAUx)

+ * Late Greek – Greek borrows χαρτουλάριος from Latin.^(Beekes 2010)

+ * Modern Greek – ''χάρτης'' means paper and map.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A leaf of [[m|en|papyrus]]; a roll; [[m|en|paper]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A book.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A thin plate.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[χαρτίον|tr=khartíon]]

+ * [[χαρτοθήκη|tr=khartothḗkē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|charta]]

+ * [[en|chart]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}