παῖς Ancient Greek · revision 15555

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *peh₂u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /pâi̯s/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈpɛs/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈpes/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''παῖς''' (paîs) ''m'' or f (genitive παιδός); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*pā́wits]].^(Wiktionary) The two-syllable epic, Lesbian and Boeotian form [[m|grc|πάϊς|tr=páïs]] points to an original [[m|grc|*παϝιδ-|tr=*pawid-]]; the stem without the /d/ is seen in Attic [[m|grc|παῦς|tr=paûs]] on a vase inscription and in the Cypriot name [[m|grc|Φιλόπαϝος|tr=Philópawos]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ Beekes traces it to Indo-European [[ine-pro|*peh₂u-|t=few, little]], with the same enlargement as [[m|grc|παῦρος|tr=paûros|t=few, small]]; related are [[la|paucus|t=few]], [[m|la|pauper|t=poor]] and [[got|𐍆𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹|tr=fawai|t=few]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Whether [[m|la|puer|t=boy]] belongs here is uncertain according to Beekes;^(Beekes 2010) Wiktionary also compares [[sa|पुत्र|tr=putrá|t=son]] and [[ae|puθra|tr=puθra|t=son]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it from the first book of the ''Iliad'' (1.20) for a child, a son and, more rarely, a daughter.^(GLAUx)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides “child” it meant a slave or servant.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) Several affectionate diminutives partly replaced it: [[παιδίον|tr=paidíon]] (Ionic and Attic), [[παιδίσκη|tr=paidískē]] “girl”, and [[παιδάριον|tr=paidárion]] “little boy” (Attic).^(Beekes 2010) It is the first part of [[παιδαγωγός|tr=paidagōgós]], a children's attendant or schoolteacher.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ In the New Testament it is a boy or youth, a son or daughter, and a servant, especially one who obeys God completely.^(BDAG 2000) Modern Greek ''παις'' is a learned word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' use it for a child, son or daughter.^(GLAUx)^(Beekes 2010)

+ * Classical – Attic vase inscriptions have the form παῦς.^(Beekes 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for a child and a servant.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * Modern Greek – ''παις'' survives as a learned word.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|child]]; a [[m|en|boy]], youth.^(Beekes 2010)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # A son; more rarely a daughter, a girl.^(Beekes 2010)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # A [[m|en|slave]], [[m|en|servant]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' A servant of God.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀνδρόπαις|tr=andrópais]]

+ * [[ἀντίπαις|tr=antípais]]

+ * [[ἄπαις|tr=ápais]]

+ * [[αὐτόπαις|tr=autópais]]

+ * [[βοτρυόπαις|tr=botruópais]]

+ * [[βούπαις|tr=boúpais]]

+ * [[δίπαις|tr=dípais]]

+ * [[εὔπαις|tr=eúpais]]

+ * [[εὐφιλόπαις|tr=euphilópais]]

+ * [[ἰσόπαις|tr=isópais]]

+ * [[καλλίπαις|tr=kallípais]]

+ * [[μονόπαις|tr=monópais]]

+ * [[ὀλιγόπαις|tr=oligópais]]

+ * [[παίγνιον|tr=paígnion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}